Measurement of the coolant flow rate using correlation of temperature fluctuations

The transit time of the coolant, and thus its velocity, has been measured using the temperature fluctuation at the outlet of a reactor core. An impulse response function estimation is introduced, which substitutes the widely used cross-correlation measurement technique. It is shown in theory and practice that the time delay estimation is improved when using the impulse response function instead of the cross-correlation function in parameter estimation. Extremely low velocities (down to 2 cm/sec) have been measured in a natural circulation regime in a research reactor.     

Three dimensional boundary element analysis of internal cracks under sliding contact load with a spherical indenter

Using boundary element based three dimensional modelling for linear fracture mechanics, we present an analysis of cracking in a homogeneous medium subject to contact load. The proposed iterative solution procedure allows a simultaneous treatment of a reasonable number of partially closed cracks. It is shown that the most probable direction of propagation of a vertical internal crack is strongly dependent on its size compared to the contact radius and its location with respect to the axis of maximum normal load.     

Threshold and growth mechanism of fatigue cracks under mode II and III loadings

ABSTRACT The fatigue crack growth behaviour of 0.47% carbon steel was studied under mode II and III loadings. Mode II fatigue crack growth tests were carried out using specially designed double cantilever (DC) type specimens in order to measure the mode II threshold stress intensity factor range, ΔK_IIth. The relationship ΔK_IIth > ΔK_Ith caused crack branching from mode II to I after a crack reached the mode II threshold. Torsion fatigue tests on circumferentially cracked specimens were carried out to study the mechanisms of both mode III crack growth and of the formation of the factory‐roof crack surface morphology. A change in microstructure occurred at a crack tip during crack growth in both mode II and mode III shear cracks. It is presumed that the crack growth mechanisms in mode II and in mode III are essentially the same. Detailed fractographic investigation showed that factory‐roofs were formed by crack branching into mode I. Crack branching started from small semi‐elliptical cracks nucleated by shear at the tip of the original circumferential crack.     

Significance of the elastic peak stress evaluated by FE analyses at the point of singularity of sharp V-notched components

The paper presents an expression useful to estimate the notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) from finite element analyses carried out by using a mesh pattern with a constant element size. The evaluation of the NSIF from a numerical analysis of the local stress field usually requires very refined meshes and then large computational effort. The usefulness of the presented expression is that (i) only the elastic peak stress numerically evaluated at the V‐notch tip is needed and no longer the whole stress–distance set of data; (ii) the adopted meshes are rather coarse if compared to those necessary for the evaluation of the whole local stress field. The proposed expression needs the evaluation of a virtual V‐notch tip radius, i.e. the radius which would produce the same elastic peak stress than that calculated by FEM at the sharp V‐notch tip by means of a given mesh pattern. Once such a radius has been theoretically determined for a given geometry, the expression can be applied in a wide range of notch depths and opening angles.     

Co_xFe_3－xO_4纳米晶的磁性与组成关系

各种组成的Ｃｏ＿ｘＦｅ＿３－ｘＯ＿４纳米晶是通过作者改进的化学共沉淀法制备的￣［１］。考察了系列组成Ｃｏ＿ｚＦｅ＿３－ｘＯ＿４样品的穆斯堡尔效应，推算出晶体中阳离子分布与饱和磁矩同Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）含量的关系。     

光缆CATV用DFB激光器发射组件

介绍了国内首次研制的光缆ＣＡＴＶ用１．３μｍＤＦＢ激光器组件。组件工作频带达到１ＧＨｚ，带内起伏〈１ｄＢ，组件的ＲＩＮ〈－１５３ｄＢ／Ｈｚ；出纤光功率〉２ｍＷ，载噪比ＣＮＲ〉５０ｄＢ。首次实现用低反射尖锥端光纤的ＤＦＢ激光器耦合。     

Analytical Calculation of Large-Scale Deflection of Pulse-Loaded Elliptic Plates

Large deflections of pulse-loaded elliptic and round plates made of hardenable elastoplastic materials are investigated analytically using an energy-based approach. Formulas that are convenient for engineering design have been derived.     

The Effect of the Charge Fluctuation of Dust Parti-cles on Ion-acoustic Wave Excited Through Ionization Instability

The effect of the charge fluctuation of dust particles on ion acoustic wave (IAW) excited through ionization instability was investigated. The hydrodynamic equations and linear time-dependent perturbation theory served as the starting point of theory, by which the dispersion relation and growth rate of the IAW were given. By comparing the results with the case of constant dust charges, it was found that the charge fluctuation of dust particles reduces the instability of the wave mode.     

Measurements of Stress Intensity Factors of an Interface Crack Under Mixed Mode Loading

The optical method of caustics has been utilised to measure both the stress intensity factor for a crack lying along the interface of an aluminium/epoxy bimaterial specimen, and the mode mixity arising from the difference in the elastic properties across the interface. Measurements were carried out by using a novel modification to the method whereby caustics are produced and measured from both sides of the specimen, so compensating automatically for the distortion induced in the specimen due to misaligned loading fixtures. A flat reflective surface across the interface was obtained by adhering a reflective coating to the specimen. Verification that this coating does not affect measurement accuracy was obtained by comparing stress intensity factors measured from coated and uncoated monolithic aluminium specimens where good agreement was found to exist between both measurements.     

核桃软糖的防粘结研究

主要针对核桃软糖在气温稍高、湿度较大的环境中容易粘结，造成质量下降和贮藏期缩短的现象，通过改进配方和工艺，防止和延缓核桃软糖粘结，延长了产品的贮藏时间。