核电厂重要人员动作分析与人因工程相结合研究

人因工程(HFE)是人机接口的复杂的系统工程。在核电厂(NPP)中,重要人员动作分析和人因工程管理之间具有紧密联系。人因工程/人机接口(HSI)活动能够为重要人员动作分析提供输人,用于识别电厂关键人员动作和风险重要人员动作。重要人员动作分析能够确定对电厂安全和可靠性至关重要的电厂情景、人员操作等,为人因工程/人机接口设计提供参考。对人因工程和重要人员动作分析相结合过程进行研究,基于NUREC-0711建立一套二者相结合的方法体系,详细阐述二者结合要点及实施流程。最后结合实际电厂给出工程应用实例,并通过概率安全评价(PSA)定量评价方法给出分析结果。该方法能够为核电厂重要人员动作识别及人因工程设计优化提供参考,提高电厂安全性和可靠性。     

阻燃型氢氧化镁制备及其影响因素探讨

以七水硫酸镁为原料、氨水为沉淀剂、选择适宜的表面活性剂。以样品XRD图中（001）面与（101）面衍射峰的相对强弱为考察指标，通过单因素实验，分别考察了反应温度、恒温反应时间、陈化时间、表面活性剂用量及氨镁摩尔比等因素对氢氧化镁样品XRD图中（001）面与（101）面衍射峰相对强弱的影响。实验结果表明，制备阻燃氩氧化镁较适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度40℃、恒温反应时间40min、陈化时间120min、表面活性剂A体积用量4ml、氨镁摩尔比6：1.     

光伏发电超高次谐波发射特性及影响因素分析

由电力电子装置广泛应用带来的超高次谐波问题近年来引起关注,但光伏发电超高次谐波发射特性的研究仍不够充分。本文首先以采用双极性调制的典型电压源型逆变器为例分析其产生的谐波幅值及分布规律,确定了产生超高次谐波的直接影响因素:开关频率、调制比、直流侧电压;然后重点分析了滤波器参数、控制器参数、MPPT控制以及不同功率水平对超高次谐波的间接影响,给出了LCL滤波器参数选择依据;基于某光伏系统的实测数据,对光伏发电超高次谐波主要频率分布范围及总体含量进行量化分析。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink搭建了光伏发电系统的仿真模型对上述分析结果进行验证。     

The Role of Tumor Microenvironment Cells in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cachexia

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome in patients with advanced cancer characterized by weight loss via skeletal-muscle and adipose-tissue atrophy, catabolic activity, and systemic inflammation. CC is correlated with functional impairment, reduced therapeutic responsiveness, and poor prognosis, and is a major cause of death in cancer patients. In colorectal cancer (CRC), cachexia affects around 50–61% of patients, but remains overlooked, understudied, and uncured. The mechanisms driving CC are not fully understood but are related, at least in part, to the local and systemic immune response to the tumor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a significant role of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts) in both cancer progression and tumor-induced cachexia, through the production of multiple procachectic factors. The most important role in CRC-associated cachexia is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), originally known as cachectin, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and certain chemokines (e.g., IL-8). Heterogeneous CRC cells themselves also produce numerous cytokines (including chemokines), as well as novel factors called “cachexokines”. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of TME cellular components in CRC-associated cachexia, as well as discusses the potential role of selected mediators secreted by colorectal cancer cells in cooperation with tumor-associated immune and non-immune cells of tumor microenvironment in inducing or potentiating cancer cachexia. This knowledge serves to aid the understanding of the mechanisms of this process, as well as prevent its consequences.     

水下设备安装过程及其影响因素分析

为了提高水下设备安装精度与工作效率,基于海上工作经验及查阅国内外相关文献,对水下设备的安装过程进行了研究,其总体过程大致分为5个阶段,即装船固定、提升操作、穿越飞溅区、深水下放、落地坐放;分析了影响水下设备安装过程的主要因素,其中水深主要影响吊放系统和设备在水下的横向偏移;波浪载荷主要应用船舶的动态响应,在设备经历穿越飞溅区阶段时对设备及缆绳造成损伤的风险较大;水下设备自身参数主要影响安装方式和安装船舶的选用。     

非线性多因素耦合事故致因模型的提出及应用

鉴于目前已有的事故致因模型存在致因因素简单罗列叠加、未考虑因素间耦合效应、无法定量分析等不足,提出了一种新型的非线性多因素耦合事故致因模型,并把模型应用于油库事故预防中。新模型提出了主要影响因素牵连影响系数、多因素耦合流变非线性损伤的计算公式,其最突出的特点是,在多种因素的耦合作用下,能够辨别复杂系统中主要影响因素的流变对系统损伤的动态影响。应用MATLAB软件,模拟油库系统在单因素发生流变、主要影响因素发生流变、非主要影响因素发生流变后系统的变化状态。结果表明,影响油库安全的主要因素是安全意识缺乏,油库人员安全意识的缺乏对其他因素的影响程度最大。对于油库事故预防,依据本文提出的非线性多因素耦合事故致因模型,需要针对主要影响因素,抓住主要时间节点采取有效措施进行控制。     

IS风险评估方法分类研究*

尝试分别从信息技术演化过程和驱动因素两个方面对信息系统风险评估方法(ISRAM)进行分类.首先选择信息技术和ISRAM发展的时间主线划分ISRAM,然后提取ISRAM设计实现过程中考虑的驱动因素划分ISRAM,并分别给出两种分类方法的半形式化描述;最后,分析目前ISRAM面临的挑战和未来发展趋势.     

A Novel Volume-Stable Collagen Matrix Induces Changes in the Behavior of Primary Human Oral Fibroblasts,Periodontal Ligament,and Endothelial Cells

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a novel volume-stable collagen matrix (vCM) on early wound healing events including cellular migration and adhesion, protein adsorption and release, and the dynamics of the hemostatic system. For this purpose, we utilized transwell migration and crystal violet adhesion assays, ELISAs for quantification of adsorbed and released from the matrix growth factors, and qRT-PCR for quantification of gene expression in cells grown on the matrix. Our results demonstrated that primary human oral fibroblasts, periodontal ligament, and endothelial cells exhibited increased migration toward vCM compared to control cells that migrated in the absence of the matrix. Cellular adhesive properties on vCM were significantly increased compared to controls. Growth factors TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, FGF-2, and GDF-5 were adsorbed on vCM with great efficiency and continuously delivered in the medium after an initial burst release within hours. We observed statistically significant upregulation of genes encoding the antifibrinolytic thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, thrombospondin 1, and thromboplastin, as well as strong downregulation of genes encoding the profibrinolytic tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its receptor, and the matrix metalloproteinase 14 in cells grown on vCM. As a general trend, the stimulatory effect of the vCM on the expression of antifibrinolytic genes was synergistically enhanced by TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, or FGF-2, whereas the strong inhibitory effect of the vCM on the expression of profibrinolytic genes was reversed by PDGF-BB, FGF-2, or GDF-5. Taken together, our data strongly support the effect of the novel vCM on fibrin clot stabilization and coagulation/fibrinolysis equilibrium, thus facilitating progression to the next stages of the soft tissue healing process.     

Biomarkers for Cancer Cachexia: A Mini Review

Cancer cachexia is a common condition in many cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Cancer cachexia patients are generally less tolerant to chemotherapies and radiotherapies, largely limiting their treatment options. While the search for treatments of this condition are ongoing, standards for the efficacy of treatments have yet to be developed. Current diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia are primarily based on loss of body mass and muscle function. However, these criteria are rather limiting, and in time, when weight loss is noticeable, it may be too late for treatment. Consequently, biomarkers for cancer cachexia would be valuable adjuncts to current diagnostic criteria, and for assessing potential treatments. Using high throughput methods such as “omics approaches”, a plethora of potential biomarkers have been identified. This article reviews and summarizes current studies of biomarkers for cancer cachexia.