Housing Tenure: Pacific Families in New Zealand

Home ownership has been associated with health, social and economic benefits. However, a decline in ownership has been observed over the past decade in New Zealand. Minority groups, including Pacific people, have been disadvantaged in the housing sector. This study investigated housing tenure and the relationship between tenure and health among mothers of a birth cohort of Pacific children in New Zealand. Findings showed that most families lived in state or private rental accommodation with few (15.4 per cent) owning their own homes. Homeowners were more likely to be older, partnered and have higher incomes. Better mental health was observed for homeowners compared to renters. Findings can inform housing and public health policy for Pacific families.     

环境资源负外部性与产权理论的新进展

环境资源共有产权的特性使得社会成员只能通过自身感知和理解确定对环境资源的产权边界，并且产权的实施是非排他的，所以与环境资源有关的负外部性较其他具有直接因果关系的外部性特殊。在治理这类负外部性的过程中，产权理论也有了新的发展。本文从分析环境资源产权的特殊性入手，对于产权弱化、产权分割、创建新产权和自愿合作基础上认知产权调整等负外部性内部化理论进行了分析。     

Institutions and the supply of oil: A case study of Russia

In new institutional economics, the variance in institutions explains differences in cross-country output per capita. Institutions may also explain how the supply of oil is affected within oil-producing countries. For example in the early 1970s, as nominal oil prices increased from $3 per barrel to $11 per barrel, a number of OPEC oil producers changed the institutional environment by nationalizing their oil production and putting under government control all petroleum-related capital and infrastructure. This affected oil supplies. Similar institutional changes may be happening again now that oil prices are rising. In particular, the newly democratic Russia may be following the same path. The Russian government has already effectively taken over control of much of the oil production capacity in the country and is still heavily involved in natural gas production. In this paper, we will look at the Russian upstream oil industry as it changed from central planning to a market-oriented sector and is now swaying toward re-nationalization. Some of the laws and institutional transitions will be detailed in order to elucidate what has taken place.     

马克思的重建个人所有制与社会主义的公有制

马克思所说的"重新建立个人所有制",是通向自由人联合体公有制的一个必经阶段。前苏联式的国家所有制是带有原始公社性质的公有制,或是原始公社公有制的现代形式。     

股权结构、董事会特征与信息披露质量的关系研究

采用深交所对上市公司信息披露质量的评级作为信息披露质量代理变量,借助于多元排序选择模型检验了深交所上市公司股权结构、董事会特征对信息披露质量的影响.研究发现:信息披露的质量与控制变量--公司规模、财务业绩呈显著正相关,与公司财务杠杆之间的相关性不显著;股权集中度、第一大股东的性质、流通股比例、高管持股比例、董事会规模、董事会领导结构、独立董事比例等公司治理变量对信息披露质量的影响不显著,只有年度董事会会议次数与信息披露质量之间是显著负相关的.     

中国发展模式问题初探

改革开放三十多年来,由于私有制经济和市场机制得到了允许和肯定,中国经济社会取得了巨大的发展。同时,由于市场经济制度还很不完善,中国未来的发展还存在着巨大的挑战。指出要解决这些问题,就必须通过深化改革,建立起规范的、法治的市场经济。     

我国海域资源产权制度解析

海域资源产权最基本的权能为海域所有权和海域使用权。早期,我国海域资源产权制度是所有权和使用权不分,产权不清,导致早期海域使用出现＂无序、无度、无偿＂。随着人们对海洋价值认识的进一步深化,海洋开发不断增强,国家逐步开展海域行政许可和有偿使用制度,海域所有权和海域使用权实行分离机制,海域所有权和海域使用权的关系得以理顺,海域资源产权分离机制是我国海域管理工作的重大进步。在海域管理实践中,需要不断巩固和完善这种机制,以促进海域资源的保值和增值。     

一种新的RFID标签所有权转移协议

针对无线射频识别( RFID)技术标签在生命周期内安全转移其所有权的问题,提出一个不依赖可信第三方参与转移的、基于Hash函数的RFID标签所有权转移协议。采用挑战响应机制,使用Status标志位来标识标签当前所有权归属。其中新旧所有者分别与目标标签共享不同的密钥,并与其传递通信数据来认证参与转移实体的身份,从而认证新所有者获得目标标签的所有权。分析结果表明,该协议满足标签所有权转移的安全需求,目标标签在执行协议后为新所有者所有,实现了所有权的排他转移,在安全性和效率方面较已有RFID标签转移协议有较大提高。     

An innovative technique for web text watermarking (AITW)

ABSTRACT

Embedding a hidden stream of bits in a cover file to prevent illegal use is called digital watermarking. The cover file could be a text, image, video, or audio. In this study, we propose invisible watermarking based on the text included in a webpage. Watermarks are based on predefined structural and syntactic rules, which are encrypted and then converted into zero-width control characters using binary model classification before embedding into a webpage. This concept means that HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used as a cover file to embed the hashed and transparent zero-width watermarks. We have implemented the proposed invisible watermarking against various attacks to reach optimum robustness.     

Smart Client技术实现林权证管理系统的离线应用

林权证管理系统对于提高林权证管理的效率和科学性具有重要意义。对当前林权证管理系统存在的问题进行了分析,提出采用Smart Client技术进行林权证管理系统的开发,分析了离线状态下林权证办理的实现技术,为保障林权证业务的正常开展提供了一个有效途径。