产权单位管理模式下的老旧小区物业管理对策研究

城市老旧小区物业管理的良性发展应该协调多元主体间的关系和利益。构建地方政府、产权单位和居民群体三方演化博弈模型,求解相关利益主体行为变化的影响因素,揭示老旧小区物业管理行为主体达到良性互动的形成机制。研究结果表明,政府的补贴、监管惩罚、产生的城市整体效益、政府付出的成本、产权单位的企业形象、产权单位的管理成本、企业形象损失、居民群体选择违背合约,拖欠缴费策略带来的额外收益和定期缴纳的物业费等是影响三方主体协作配合的关键因素;在不同的成本和收益关系下,各参与主体初始意愿比例、政府补贴和监管惩罚均会对演化结果产生影响。     

新能源行业政府补贴对企业创新绩效的影响

“十四五”计划在原有国民经济和社会发展规划的基础上,进一步强调了创新、绿色在新发展理念中的重要地位。政府补贴,作为政府支持企业研发活动的重要政策工具之一,激励企业加大研发投入,增强企业创新动力。为探究不同产权性质调节下,政府补贴如何影响新能源企业创新绩效,以及将三者纳入同一框架下,考虑研发投入作为中介变量对企业创新绩效的影响。选取CSMAR数据库和wind数据库2015—2019年高研发投入、低短期经济效益的战略性新兴产业中的106家国有与非国有产权性质的新能源企业,进行面板数据分析。被解释变量为企业创新绩效,解释变量为政府补贴,调节变量为产权性质,中介变量为研发投入强度,通过对新能源行业政府补贴的研究,以检验在研发投入强度作为中介效应,企业产权性质作为调节作用时政府补贴对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果显示,政府补贴与新能源行业的创新绩效呈正相关关系,研发投入强度在政府补贴与企业创新绩效之间发挥着部分中介作用,且不同企业产权性质的新能源企业,在政府补贴与企业创新绩效之间存在显著差异。根据上述结论提出：1）在市场经济下,政府补贴是保证新能源企业生存以及促进其发展的直接激励方式,因此建议政府应在合理监管下持续对新能源企业提供有效财税和金融等政策补贴;2）由于部分新能源企业违规将政府补贴转移到非研发投入中,从而使得政府补贴失灵,因此在国家后续政策法规出台后需细化新能源企业获得政府补贴后的使用路径;3）相比于国有企业非国有企业可获得的资源较少,市场风险抵御能力较弱,因此政府在进行补贴激励时可以重点倾斜给非国有企业以促进其产出更高的创新绩效。     

Environmentalism and the multinational corporation: a viewpoint‐part II

This is Part Two of a two‐part paper on environmentalism and the multinational corporation. Part One was published in the previous issue of this journal.

In Part One, we explored the concept of “power as capability” as seen in the rationale for international production, namely, ownership, locational, and internalization advantages. In this Part, we apply the concept of “power as influence” to re‐examine the bargaining power of the host country, the MNC, the home country, and Non‐Governmental Organizations. It is argued that in the initial bargaining with LDC host country, the power balance is tipped in favor of MNC as the lack of technical expertise may hinder feasibility assessment of pollution performance. However, over time, the bargaining power of LDC host increases, but constrained by the momentum of globalization. The power of the MNC is higher in manufacturing than in extractive industries. Home country plays an important role in influencing the formulating of corporate environmental policies by the MNC. The influence of NGOs is minimal while a lack of effective international pressure on MNCs arises from the non‐existence of a powerful a supranational IGO.     

Microcomputer-based software to perform lease versus buy analysis

The primary purpose of this paper is to present a computerized lease-versus-buy program utilized by the Defense Contract Audit Agency to monitor defense contractor data processing hardware procurement. The main points of the paper shall pertain to the financial elements incorporated into the software, reports generated, and the resulting lease-versus-buy decision. Discussion of the lease-versus-buy process shall relate primarily to the procurement of data processing equipment. The approach taken in the lease-versus-buy decision process for procuring data processing equipment is basically no different from the methodology used in acquiring other types of capital equipment. Hence, the proposed microcomputer-based program used to performed lease-versus-buy analysis for data processing equipment is suitable for industrial equipment procurement, as well.     

马克思"重建个人所有制"解析

马克思在分析资本主义积累趋势时提出"重新建立个人所有制"。新的"个人所有制"是未来社会公有制的具体内容,"重建个人所有制"是共产主义目标和历史唯物主义的具体要求与体现。     

自然资源物权制度构筑的思考

资源是人类生存和发展的基础，资源的合理有效利用是世界各国所共同面临的问题。物权法律制度在促进资源的有效利用．为市场取向的经济体制改革建立合理的预期规范和激励机制等方面发挥着重大的作用。本文试从物权立法应界定的资源范围．资源的专属所有以及资源所有者权益的实现三方面进行了有关探讨。     

我国矿业权市场浅析

指出矿业权市场体系存在的问题以及从转变政府职能等 4个方面去推进矿业权市场建设     

矿业权法律与矿产资源所有权比较

本文在论述了矿业权主要法律特征的同时 ,与矿产资源所有权进行了比较。指出了维护矿业权 ,就是维护国家矿产资源所有权     

Moving Out of Home Ownership in Later Life: The Influence of the Family and Housing Careers

Home ownership is often regarded as the preferred housing tenure; however, situations in parallel life-course careers might make moving to a rental home necessary or attractive to home owners. Retrospective data from the SHARELIFE survey were used to study the short- and long-term impact of situations and disruptions in the family and housing careers on leaving home ownership at middle (45–64) and older ages (65–80) in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. We found that directly after separation and widowhood, the likelihood of leaving home ownership was the greatest. However, more than 10 years after separation and widowhood, individuals were still significantly more likely to leave ownership than those in their first marriage. Furthermore, late first childbirth and early first-time home ownership were associated with lower chances of leaving home ownership. We conclude that situations and changes in family and housing careers have both a short-term and a long-term impact on the likelihood of moving out of home ownership.     

Hybrid modeling of China’s vehicle ownership and projection through 2050

As representative for emerging vehicle market, China has one of the fastest growing rates of automobile ownership in the world. The huge and increasing vehicle stock has significantly contributed to the fast growing of China’s energy demand and GHG emissions. It is an important issue to project China’s vehicle ownership, which to a large extent determines China’s oil demand and GHG emissions from road transportation sector in the future. In this study, we established a hybrid model with three sub models to simulate the growth patterns of China’s private passenger vehicles, urban public transport vehicles and economic utility vehicles. By using this model, we projected that China’s vehicle population would reach 184.8, 363.8 and 606.7 million by 2020, 2030 and 2050 respectively. The fast increase of urban private passenger vehicles is the main driving force for vehicle population growth. Population of urban private passenger vehicles would account for 70.1%, 81.1% and 86.1% of total vehicle population in 2020, 2030 and 2050 respectively. It was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis that vehicle population was quite sensitive to household income and vehicle price, implying an effective lever for regulating the growth of vehicle population.