Effectiveness of cardenolides as feeding deterrents toPeromyscus mice

I compared the feeding responses of five species ofPeromyscus mice (aztecus, polionotus, melanotis, leucopus, andmaniculatus) to three bitter-tasting cardenolides (ouabain, digoxin, and digitoxin) that differ greatly in lipophilic character.Peromyscus, like other muroid rodents, are unusual in that they can ingest relatively large amounts of cardenolides without adverse physiologic effects. In experiment 1, I determined avoidance thresholds for the three cardenolides with 48 hr, two-choice tests. Mice exhibited large interspecific differences in avoidance threshold, and the interspecific ranking of the thresholds (maniculatus=leucopus >melanotis >polionotus >aztecus) was the same for each of the cardenolides. In experiment 2, I reevaluated the avoidance thresholds, but this time monitored the pattern of intake (i.e., bout lengths) during initial feeding encounters with cardenolidelaced diets. For each cardenolide, mice were subjected to three tests. In test 1, they received a control diet; in test 2, a diet containing the cardenolide at a concentration 1 log, unit below the avoidance threshold (as determined in experiment 1); and in test 3, a diet containing the cardenolide at the avoidance threshold concentration. Results were similar across all species and cardenolide types: Bout lengths in tests 1 and 2 were statistically equal, whereas those in test 3 were significantly shorter than those in test 1. The rapid rejection of cardenolide-laced diets in test 3 is consistent with a preingestive (i.e., gustatory) mechanism underlying the avoidance thresholds. I conclude (1) thatPeromyscus species differ substantially in taste sensitivity to cardenolides and that these differences may influence each species' respective ability to eat cardenolide-laced insects; and (2) that a species' relative taste sensitivity to one cardenolide predicts its sensitivity to other cardenolides.     

Composing Cardinal Direction Relations Based on Interval Algebra

Direction relations between extended spatial objects are important commonsense knowledge. Skiadopoulos proposed a formal model for representing direction relations between compound regions (the finite union of simple regions), known as SK-model. It perhaps is currently one of most cognitive plausible models for qualitative direction information, and has attracted interests from artificial intelligence and geographic information system. Originating from Allen first using composition table to process time interval constraints; composing has become the key technique in qualitative spatial reasoning to check the consistency. Due to the massive number of basic directions in SK-model, its composition becomes extraordinary complex. This paper proposed a novel algorithm for the composition. Basing the concepts of smallest rectangular directions and its original directions, it transforms the composition of basic cardinal direction relations into the composition of interval relations corresponding to Allen''s interval algebra. Comparing with existing methods, this algorithm has quite good dimensional extendibility, that is, it can be easily transferred to the tridimensional space with a few modifications.     

基于SVM的汉语句子片段划分

针对长句子引起句法分析性能下降的问题,本文提出了一种基于SVM的句子片段划分方法:先根据语法结构将句子划分为多个片段,识别出每个片段的类别;然后根据片段的类别将句子分割为几个部分,每个部分作为句法分析的基本单元;最后将句法分析之后的各个部分进行合并,形成完整的分析结果.该方法减小了句法分析的复杂度,提高了分析的准确率.     

应变空间中一般加载规律的弹塑性本构关系

为了建立多维应力、应变空间的弹塑性本构关系,将一般加载规律一维全量理论的简单弹塑性模型推广到一般加载规律的多维增量理论,并且给出应力空间的加载函数和应变空间的加载函数以及它们之间的正确的变换关系.在此基础上,在应变空间中建立了推导一般加载规律的多维增量理论的本构关系的一种途径.应用这种途径,从应变空间的加载函数出发,推导了等向强化材料的一般加载规律的弹塑性本构关系.理论和实例表明,这种途径对等向强化材料、随动强化材料、理想弹塑性材料和热弹塑性问题都适用.     

论中外合作办学中的若干关系——以武汉科技学院的实践为例

以武汉科技学院的办学实践为例,论述了中外合作办学项目发展路径选择上要立足社会需求,充分发挥自身办学特色,做到＂人无我有＂、＂人有我特＂。办学过程中,要始终坚持办学质量第一,绝不能为了节约成本降低质量要求。在项目（机构）运行中,要理顺管理体制和运行机制,处理好与学校及相关院系的关系,还要以平等双赢为原则,处理好与外方的关系。     

Seepage-stress coupling constitutive model of anisotropic soft rock

To provide a seepage-stress coupling constitutive model that can directly describe the seepage-stress coupling relationship, a series of one-dimensional seepage-stress coupling tests on two kinds of soft rock (argillaceous siltstone and brown mudstone) were performed by using an MTS-815.02 tri-axial rock mechanics test system, with which the stress—strain curves according to the seepage variation were obtained. Based on the experimental results and by employing Hooke’s law, the formulation of the coefficient of strain-dependent permeability was presented and introduced to establish a coupling model. In addition, the mathematical expression and the incremental formulation for coupling model were advanced, in which five parameters that can be respectively determined by using the experimental results were included. The calculated results show that the proposed coupling model is capable of simulating the stress—strain relationship with considering the seepage-stress coupling in the nonlinear elastic stage of two kinds of soft rock. Foundation item: Projects(50378069, 50639090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(50639090) supported by the Joint Fund of Yalong River Hydropower Development, China     

浅析基于灰色关联分析的水利工程评标方法

引入灰色系统理论中的灰色关联分析法,通过建立灰色关联分析综合评标模型对投标方案进行优选,提高了优选的精确性和客观性,并通过实例说明应用灰色关联分析综合评标模型来解决投标决策问题是可行的。     

二元关系的性质的进一步研究

通过对二元关系的性质做进一步研究,探讨其闭包运算、幂运算、合成运算、交运算、并运算和差运算的结果是否仍具有相应的性质,以加深学习者对二元关系性质的进一步认识．     

量子Klein-Gordon模型色散关系的含时变分法研究

通过采用含时变分原理,在结合Hartree型多粒子试探波函数和Jackiw-Kerman型单粒子波函数的基础上,研究了带对称单阱非谐格点势的量子Klein-Gordon模型的声子色散关系.在满足最小测不准关系的条件下,导出了粒子的期望值所满足的运动方程,并以此得到了声子色散关系.结果表明:与经典模型相比,由于量子涨落的影响,量子模型中的有效格点势的二次方项系数增大,声子元激发的带隙变宽;二次方项系数和带隙随着量子涨落和格点势的四次方项系数的增大而增大.