基于压迫感分析的城市高架桥美学设计研究

为解决城市高架桥对其地面道路及周边地块产生的压迫感这一问题,并且指导城市高架桥的设计和规划,使之在满足交通功能和用地要求的同时兼顾美学的考虑,研究根据压迫感主要来源为建筑对视野限制的推论,分析了压迫感的主要影响因素为建筑在视野中形成的视角,讨论了现有立体角理论模型的适用性,并且结合城市高架桥视角的特点,将立体角理论模型简化为平面视角理论模型以增强其适用性。建立了桥梁的结构尺寸与影响点的视角的关系式,以压迫感接受率表征压迫感的大小,再根据调查统计数据拟合,确定视角与压迫感接受率的关系曲线,从而得到桥梁的结构尺寸与影响点压迫感接受率的关系式。在规划和设计时,可根据该公式合理确定桥梁下地面道路的红线宽度或两侧地块的退红净距。     

易变形的汽车连接器模具设计创新

为了解决连接器的变形问题,模具设计进行了创新,结合MoldFlow对变形量的分析,对变形部分增加了补偿,有效的解决了变形问题。     

三电平逆变器新型简化算法及其优化控制

针对NPC三电平逆变器提出一种新型简化控制算法,该算法无需扇区判断和查表,根据三相瞬时相电压即可快速计算出各开关管的切换时刻;为解决NPC三电平逆变器固有的电容电压平衡问题,采用平衡因子法精确控制电容电压,并通过最优空间矢量位置理论对平衡因子进行优化,在精确控制电容电压的同时改善输出谐波特性。实验结果证明了简化控制算法以及电容电压平衡方法的有效性。     

考虑风力发电波动引起频率偏差的电力系统状态估计

随着大规模风电接入电网,风电出力的波动性不仅会改变电网原有的潮流分布,还会对电网频率产生显著影响,传统的状态估计模型已不再适用。基于此,介绍了同步发电机准稳态模型、负荷准稳态模型和异步风机简化RX模型,将频率偏差作为新的状态量引入到状态估计过程中。同时,还考虑了发电机和负荷自身频率特性对电压的影响,对相应节点构造了新的零注入功率量测,最终建立了计及频率变化的含风力发电的电力系统状态估计模型。算例仿真结果表明,该模型可有效计及系统的频率偏差,计算量较小且提高了状态估计结果的精度。     

基坑开挖引起的周边土体三维位移场的简化分析

虽然不少经验方法可以用来计算基坑开挖引起的地表沉降以及围护墙水平位移,但是目前基坑开挖引起的地表以下土体位移场的预测缺乏简单的计算方法,而主要依赖于有限单元法。有限元分析中如何选用合理的参数来准确计算开挖引起的土体位移一直是个难题。在有限单元法的基础上,考虑土体小应变特性,基于芝加哥地区实际基坑工程的实测数据,通过反分析方法确定了能够准确计算基坑开挖引起的土体位移的合理计算参数。利用这些参数较为准确地计算了基坑开挖引起的土体位移,总结了基坑周边土体三维位移场的衰减规律,并由统一表达式来表示,同时结合围护墙水平变形与墙后地表沉降的经验公式,通过二次拟合提出了基坑周边土体三维位移场的简化计算方法。通过与有限元计算结果以及实测结果的对比,验证了该方法的合理性。     

Experimental and analytical investigation on seismic behavior of Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular columns

This paper proposed a new Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular (HCFTST) column comprising an ultrahigh‐strength steel tube (yield strength f_y ≥ 690 MPa). A quasi‐static cyclic loading test was conducted to examine the seismic behavior, and the obtained lateral load‐displacement hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and ductility were analyzed in detail. Then, a numerical model based on a nonlinear fiber beam‐column element incorporating the modified uniaxial cyclic constitutive laws for concrete and steel was developed mainly to predict the seismic behavior of the tested Q690 circular HCFTST columns. The effects of the concrete cylinder compressive strength (f_c), steel yield strength (f_y), axial compression ratio (n), and diameter‐to‐thickness (D/t) ratio on the seismic behavior were investigated through a parametric study. Finally, a simplified hysteretic model incorporating the moment‐resisting capacity and deterioration of the unloading stiffness in addition to a normalized skeleton curve and hysteretic criterion was established. The results indicate the following: the proposed Q690 circular HCFTST columns can display reasonable hysteretic behaviors to some extent; the use of high‐strength steel can lead to a significantly larger elasto‐plastic deformation capacity and delay the appearance of post‐peak behavior, even if a lower ductility capacity is provided; moderately loosening the limitations on the D/t ratio can also result in ideal hysteretic behaviors; and the established numerical model and simplified hysteretic model can satisfactorily predict the experimentally observed load‐displacement hysteretic curves, including the deterioration of the strength and stiffness and can, thus, offer design references for the elasto‐plastic analysis of circular HCFTST columns.     

碎石桩复合地基中超孔压长消的简化解析解研究

将碎石桩复合地基的实际变形简化成等应变情况,针对单面透水边界条件,将作为力源项的动孔压增长率表达成为深度z与时间t的函数,给出了等应变条件下碎石桩复合地基中超孔隙水压力长消的简化解析解;结合几种实用的动孔压增长计算模型,给出了简化解析解的具体表达式。     

水泥及其原材料中碱含量的检测技巧

碱含量的检测是水泥生产和质量控制的重要环节,火焰光度法的检测过程较为复杂繁琐,极易产生误差。简要叙述了火焰光度法检测碱含量的方法原理、检测步骤、结果处理、影响因素及检测技巧等,并重点分析了提高检测准确性的方法和技巧。     

Two types of a passive safety containment for a near future BWR with active and passive safety systems

The paper presents two types of a passive safety containment for a near future BWR. They are named Mark S and Mark X containment. One of their common merits is very low peak pressure at severe accidents without venting the containment atmosphere to the environment. The PCV pressure can be moderated within the design pressure. Another merit is the capability to submerge the PCV and the RPV above the core level. The third merit is robustness against external events such as a large commercial airplane crash. Both the containments have a passive cooling core catcher that has radial cooling channels. The Mark S containment is made of reinforced concrete and applicable to a large power BWR up to 1830 MWe. The Mark X containment has the steel secondary containment and can be cooled by natural circulation of outside air. It can accommodate a medium power BWR up to 1380 MWe. In both cases the plants have active and passive safety systems constituting in-depth hybrid safety (IDHS). The IDHS provides not only hardware diversity between active and passive safety systems but also more importantly diversity of the ultimate heat sinks between the atmosphere and the sea water. Although the plant concept discussed in the paper uses well-established technology, plant performance including economy is innovatively and evolutionally improved. Nothing is new in the hardware but everything is new in the performance.     

某空旷大跨度体育场馆的建模分析

针对体育场馆类空旷大跨度结构的设计特点,运用有限元程序,对某公司文化体育中心结构的整体受力性能、薄弱部位及大跨度网架屋盖对主体结构受力性能的影响与协同工作等问题进行了模拟分析.计算表明,此类结构具有扭转不规则性,薄弱部位常出现在空旷结构部位和弱连接部位;空旷框架部分存在相对变形大的现象.由于框架柱缺乏有效约束,其计算长度较大,P-△效应明显;网架屋盖在水平力及地震作用下对主体结构有不可忽视的作用,应考虑网架屋盖与下部框架结构的协同工作.实际设计中可考虑将网架部分按照一定的规则等代为钢梁,来近似考虑网架的刚度进行整体设计.