舰船超短波通信系统初探

对舰船超短波通信系统进行了介绍,讨论了海上舰船超短波视距通信的特点,并分析了舰船超短波通信的抗干扰、反侦察能力,最后对舰载超短波通信的发展趋势作了探讨.     

Automated in situ line of sight calibration of ASDEX Upgrade bolometers

The ITER Bolometer Robot Test Rig (IBOROB) is a robot-based diagnostic tool, which allows the measurement of the lines of sight (LOS) of the ITER bolometer prototypes. Up to now, it was only used as a LOS characterization device for the ITER collimator development. IBOROB was further developed and can now be operated in ASDEX Upgrade during a regular maintenance shutdown. At present, once a diagnostic like the bolometry is mounted inside the vessel, the actual LOS orientations are not measured, they are derived from CAD. The new procedure allows the fully automatic three-dimensional in situ measurement of bolometer LOS. The spatial distribution, the poloidal and toroidal alignment in the experiment coordinate system (CS), can be determined. The absolute accuracy, in reference to the tokamak CS, is provided by an additional calibration performed with a measurement arm by FARO Technologies Inc. Therefore, the amount of misalignment from the theoretical expectations can be quantified. In addition specific camera type dependencies such as internal camera reflections can be identified. Due to the high position accuracy of the robot, the LOS can be resolved with a spatial resolution of up to 0.1°. The method is explained in detail and results from two exemplary bolometer foil cameras obtained in a first set-up in ASDEX Upgrade are presented. The different steps and components needed to apply the measurements in the vessel are described with a focus on the constraints, e.g. geometrical, for an application of this method in a tokamak. Finally the consequences of the results are extrapolated to ITER and evaluated.     

自抗扰控制在航空成像稳定平台上的应用

针对航空成像稳定平台工作过程中的扰动问题,本文提出采用自抗扰控制方法,对力矩波动、传感器误差等不确定因素,进行非线性的估计与动态补偿分析。该方法根据两轴直角速率陀螺平台的系统结构,导出控制系统回路的状态方程,采用跟踪-微分器安排过渡过程,非线性地观测含总扰的扩张状态变化,对反馈误差做开关式的饱和处理。由对设计系统的仿真,基于自抗扰控制模拟了航空成像稳定平台的视轴稳定与像移补偿,并对比其与PID控制在不同幅、频扰动下的跟踪效果,探讨其对不同扰动的适应能力。最后的正弦加扰的引导结果表明,自抗扰控制的影像定位精度较高,在系统受到白噪声与低频波动的干扰时,位置误差较PID控制提高了44.57%;而随输入信号与扰动频段的升高,自抗扰控制的优势有所下降。     

（英）Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for improving the performance of terahertz channel

Terahertz (THz) communication is considered to be one of the demanding technology for the upcoming 5G standards. The incredible demand for high rate through wireless channel necessitates the use of THz frequency for communication. The development of communication systems in this frequency band possess technical challenges as the characteristic of THz band is very much different from the present wireless channel. However, the advancements in the development of transceiver and antenna systems are rapidly bringing the THz communication into reality. The high path loss in THz band limits the communication range of this channel. Even, for a distance of few meters (>5m), the absorption coefficient is very high and hence the performance of the system is poor. Performance over this frequency channel can be enhanced by considering transmission windows over this band instead of the entire band. The transmission windows are the frequencies over which the absorption is relatively low. Though there is an improvement in the performance with this adaptive modulation scheme, but not sufficient for longer distance. Apart from path loss, the frequency selective nature of this high bandwidth channel is also a major reason for the poor performance of THz channel. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising solution to mitigate the effects of frequency selective nature of the wireless channel. OFDM has been exploited in this paper to improve the performance of terahertz channel. The results show that the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the terahertz channel is considerably improved with OFDM.     

Dynamic characteristic analysis and lmi-basedh∞, controller design for a line of sight stabilization system

This paper is concerned with the design of an LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality)-basedH∞, controller for a line of sight (LOS) stabilization system and with its robustness performance. The linearization of the system is necessary to analyze various nonlinear characteristics, but the linearization entails modeling uncertainties which reduce its performance. In addition, the stability of the LOS can be adversely affected by angular velocity disturbances while the vehicle is moving. As the vehicle accelerates, all the factors that are ignored and simplified for the linearization tend to inhibit the performance of the system. The robustness in the face of these uncertainties needs to be assured. This paper employsH∞ control theory to address these problems and the LMI method to provide a suitable controller with minimal constraints for the system. Even though the system matrix does not have a full rank, the proposed method makes it possible to design aH∞ controller and to deal withR and S matrices for reducing the system order. It can be also shown that the proposed robust controller has a better disturbance attenuation and tracking performance. The LMI method is also used to enhance the applicability of the proposed reduced-orderH∞ controller for the system given. The LMI-basedH∞ controller has superior disturbance attenuation and reference input tracking performance, compared with that of the conventional controller under real disturbances.     

陀螺安装误差影响视轴稳定平台精度的机理研究

针对陀螺安装误差影响视轴稳定平台精度的问题,深入研究了其影响的作用机理及程度.以两轴稳定平台为具体对象,应用PIOGRAM图方法,讨论了安装误差对陀螺敏感量的运动学影响.并对陀螺安装误差影响系统精度以某实际模型为例进行了仿真分析,得出了其对稳定精度影响更为具体的解释.这对陀螺安装误差的标定、机构设计中安装面精度的取定以及误差分配等都具有参考作用.     

地形分辨率对视线计算影响的仿真分析

视线(Line of SiSht,LOS)计算在GIS、旅游,电信等很多领域里有着广泛的应用.在描述LOS计算方法的基础上提出了表征分辨率对LOS计算影响的因子los_eff,模拟了五种典型地貌特征的地形在降低分辨率时los_eff的变化情况.实验表明降低分辨率可以使LOS计算时间近似指数下降,而在计算准确性方面,地貌特征简单的平原地形在降低分辨率后误差大于地貌特征复杂的山地地形,片且误差会随观察点高度增加而快速增加.因此可以根据不同的计算精度需要选择不同分辨率的DEM数据来进行视线计算,从而达到平衡计算时间和准确度的目的.     

自适应模糊PID控制器在跟踪器瞄准线稳定系统中的应用

针对陀螺惯性平台上的跟踪器瞄准线稳定系统中非线性不确定因素对稳定精度的影响, 设计了一种自适应模糊PID复合控制策略. 提出了改进的自适应调整因子和学习算法进行控制参数和规则的在线修正; 采用PID控制克服模糊控制固有的精度盲区. 实验结果表明该方法在一定测量噪声和速度敏感范围内, 能有效地隔离载体扰动,保证跟踪器对目标的准确瞄准, 具有动态响应快、稳定精度高、自适应抗干扰鲁棒性强等特点.     

光电平台速率稳定回路的仿真设计

介绍了一类使用速率陀螺为测量元件的光电平台稳定回路的构成,分析了速率稳定回路中影响输出角速度的三个因素,重点就干扰力矩对平台稳定性的影响进行了分析。针对静态力矩刚度的要求,提出了采用一种新的高阶超前滞后校正的校正方法。理论上分析若采用滞后超前校正,而不考虑静态刚度要求,必然得到稳定回路不能抵抗常值干扰力矩的结论。为了对比分析,本文给出了两种校正方法的校正结果,并运用Simulink进行了速率稳定回路抵抗常值干扰力矩的仿真实验。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

LOS/NLOS混合环境中基于交互式多模型的鲁棒目标跟踪

针对视距（line-of-sight, LOS）和非视距(none-line-of-sight, NLOS)混合环境的定位跟踪问题, 提出一种基于扩展H∞滤波（EHF）和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的交互式多模型(IMM)定位跟踪算法。目标与基站之间的LOS、NLOS传输信道分别用EKF和EHF匹配, 模型间的转换用马尔可夫过程进行描述。Monte Carlo仿真结果表明, 该算法具有较高的定位精度、较好的跟踪稳定性, 且计算时间与基于EKF的IMM算法相当, 具有较好的可实现性。