Effects Of Ozone On The Production Of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) During Water Treatment

This article deals with the oxidation effect of ozone on the increasing fraction of biodegradable organic matter with the “ozotest” method, a laboratory technique which simulates the effect of ozonation and allows a complete oxidation assessment. Ozone treatment was performed on river water samples and sand filter effluent samples. Ozone consumption, reduction of UV absorbance and BDOC formation were monitored with applied ozone doses from 0 to 10 mg/L and with contact times from 0 to 60 min. The BDOC formation was optimum at an applied ozone dose of 0.25-0.5 mg O₃ per mg DOC (contact time = 5 min) corresponding to apparition of traces of residual ozone and maximum UV reduction. Maximum ozone consumption, UV reduction and BDOC formation occurred simultaneously during the first two minutes of treatment. Concerning BDOC formation, applied ozone dose showed a greater effectiveness than contact time. For the same quantity of consumed ozone, a short contact time associated with a high ozone dose was preferable to a long contact time and a low ozone dose.     

油田污水的生物处理技术

分析了油田污水的状况及特点，介绍了目前应用于含油废水处理的各种生物处理方法，以及生物处理的原理。总结表明，高效原油降解菌和生物处理构筑物相结合的生物深度处理技术是国内油田污水处理技术发展的趋势。     

O3/H2O2 Treatment of Methyl-terf-Butyl Ether in Contaminated Waters: Effect of Background COD on the O3-Dose

The destruction of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated waters by O₃/H₂0₂ process was studied and the influence background COD, alkalinity, and hydrogen peroxide and MTBE concentrations on process treatment efficiency and ozone dosage was investigated. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by an Efficiency Index, which is based on electrical energy requirement for ozone production. It was found that the treatment efficiency decreases linearly with increasing concentrations of MTBE at constant background COD and with background COD at constant MTBE concentration. A simplified kinetic scheme was presented to account for these observations.     

Kinetics of 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulphonic acid ozonation in presence of activated carbon

Processes based on the simultaneous use of ozone and activated carbon have proven very effective for removing contaminants of high toxicity and low biodegradability. The present study is aimed to determine the kinetic constants involved in this purification process and their relationship with the surface chemistry of the activated carbon. For this purpose, the ozonation of 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulphonic acid (NTS), selected as model compound, was carried out in the presence of different activated carbons. Determination of the Weisz-Prater parameter (C_WP) revealed that intraparticular diffusion limitations exist in the system for particles >500 μm. The degradation kinetics of NTS in the presence of activated carbon depends on the concentrations of both, the contaminant and the dissolved ozone, with a global reaction order of 2. The heterogeneous reaction constants were determined using a model that allowed quantification of the capacity of the activated carbon to increase the NTS degradation rate and of the chemical surface properties responsible for this increase. The basicity of the activated carbon is mainly responsible for the catalytic activity of the carbon in NTS ozonation, even though, mineral matter contributes positively to the catalytic activity.     

Pyrolysed carbon supported cobalt porphyrin: a potent catalyst for oxidation of hydrogen sulfide

Pyrolysed carbon supported cobalt porphyrin, an electrocatalyst that is frequently used for oxygen reduction in fuel cells, is evaluated for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by dissolved dioxygen. The catalyst performs best after heat treatment at 880 °C_, at pH 8. Analysis of the reaction products reveals that sulfur is the dominant product throughout the investigated pH range 5–10. The catalyst performs much better than powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon and different other forms of unmodified carbon catalysts. This is as far as we know the first time that heat treated cobalt porphyrins are evaluated for non-electrocatalytic applications.     

Effects of Admixtures on the Anti—oxidation Property of MgO／Si3N4 Composite Refractory

The effect of the admixtures of Al and Si metals and B4C and MgAlON compounds on the oxideation of MgO/Si3N4 composite refractory has been studied,which is a promising carbon free refractory for steel-making applicatlon.The four kinds of admixtures can be used as anti-oxidants for Si3N4,ut the mixture of Al and Si achieved the best result .The mixture can not only play the role as antioxidant,but also assist the sintering process and help form dense sintering layer,improving the property of the composite.     

Maximization of total surface area of Pt-SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalyst by the Taguchi method

The maximization of the total surface area of Pt-SnO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by using the Taguchi method of experimental design. The catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of HNO₃, H₂O and aluminum nitrate concentrations and the stirring rate on the total surface area were studied at three levels of each. L₉ orthogonal array leading nine experiments was used in the experimental design. The parameter levels that give maximum total surface area were determined and experimentally verified. In the range of conditions studied it was found that, medium levels of HNO₃ and H₂O concentration and lower levels of aluminum nitrate concentration and stirring rate maximize the total surface area.     

Aerobic selective oxidation of (hetero)aromatic primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids over carbon supported platinum

The synthesis of substituted benzaldehydes, benzoic acids, heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes and acids has been studied via the oxidation of the aromatic alcohols with air under mild pressure (<20 bar) at 100 °C, in the presence of a 1.95 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. The solvent was found to play the most important role in determining the selectivity of the oxidation products. Changing the solvent enabled tuning the reaction either to the aldehyde (pure dioxane), or the carboxylic acid (dioxane/aqueous solution without or with addition of sodium hydroxide). This oxidation method allowed to effectively oxidize many substituted benzylalcohols with various electron-releasing or -attracting groups (NO₂, Me, OMe, Cl, Br, OH, phenyl, …) and heterocyclic alcohols including nitrogen and sulphur atoms (2-thiophenemethanol, 2- and 4-pyridine methanol compounds).     

SiC/Si-MoSi2抗氧化涂层的制备及性能研究

为了提高石墨材料的抗氧化性,在石墨表面制备SiC/Si-MoSi2抗氧化涂层。首先以Si粉为原料,采用液硅渗透法制备SiC内层;然后以Mo粉和Si粉为原料,配制成m(Mo)∶m(Si)分别为1∶5、1.5∶5、2∶5和2.5∶5的料浆,采用料浆烧结法制备Si-MoSi2外层。利用SEM和EDS分析SiC/Si-MoSi2涂层于1400℃氧化前后的结构及组成。结果表明,料浆的Mo粉和Si粉配比对涂层的抗氧化性能有很大影响,当m(Mo)∶m(Si)=2∶5时,涂层具有最佳的抗氧化性能,且表现出长时间的抗氧化能力。     

Theoretical Aspects Of The Kinetics Of Competitive First Reactions Of Ozone In The O3/H2O2 And O3/UV Oxidation Processes

Kinetics of competition between the ozone direct reaction with compounds in water, ozone-hydroperoxide ion reaction leading to free radicals in the O₃/H₂O₂ process, and the photolysis of ozone in the O₃/UV process are discussed in terms of diffusion and reaction times to establish conditions for these reactions to be competitive. Film theory and chemical kinetic concepts then are applied to estimate initial rates of ozone absorption and consumption, removal rates of compounds present in water, and the importance of the radical oxidation path versus direct ozone and/or photolysis reactions.