The Impact of Fluid Dynamic Stress in Stirred Bioreactors – The Scale of the Biological Entity: A Personal View

From the start of industrial biotechnology, there has been a perception that biological entities are damaged by stirring, so-called ‘shear damage'. Often, it was the soft option to explain a loss of performance when it was due to other factors, such as bubble ingestion with proteins or on scale-up, where tip speed increased when it was due to decreased homogeneity, especially in pH. For many years, poor control and the range of analytical tools available made a more in-depth explanation difficult; and the concepts of ‘high' and ‘low shear' impellers, now largely disproven, increased it. Here, the size of the biological entity is compared to the Kolmogorov microscale of turbulence leading to a reasonably clear picture emerging. The article starts with the author's introduction to the issue approximately 42 year ago with enzymes, conveniently also the smallest entity; and finishes with the largest, filamentous fungi.     

等径角挤压法制备超细晶的研究现状

总结了等径角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing，ECAP)过程中的影响因素、晶粒细化的机理等方面的研究进展，讨论了挤压温度、挤压速度在ECAP过程中对材料的影响，简述了ECAP的变形途径、变形次数对材料晶粒、材料变形量的影响。论述了由等径角挤压方法制备超细晶材料的发展现状并提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的方面。     

车载悬架性能检测与可调阻尼减震器

本文采用模糊控制理论，论述了基于被动悬架性能测试基础上的阻尼调节技术，建立了1／4车被动悬架的检测判别理论模型，进行了模拟计算分析，仿真表明，能够提高车辆的安全性，同时，为设计制造性能可靠高效的可调阻尼悬架系统打下良好基础。     

小型轴类零件切断、冷镦、自动送料连续模

介绍了用在通用压力机上成形小型轴类零件的一种新型切断、冷镦自动送料连续模的结构形式、工作原理和设计要点。并给出了实用的模具结构。     

一种新的剪切角预报方法的研究

在切削加工过程,剪切角是一个非常重要的参数,几乎各种计算都要涉及到剪切角.因此,准确、快速地预报剪切角就具有重要的意义.以往,人们通常用剪切角公式进行剪切角的预报, 但是计算结果和实际情况有较大的误差.本文提出了一种应用有限元软件Ansys进行剪切角预报的新方法,与传统的剪切角公式预报结果相比,该方法可以考虑工件材料的性能对切削加工过程剪切角变化的影响,因而具有更高的精度,而且简单实用.     

Chip geometries during high-speed machining for orthogonal cutting conditions

The originality of this work consists in taking photographs of chips during the cutting process for a large range of speeds. Contrary to methods usually used such as the quick stop in which root chips are analyzed after an abrupt interruption of the cutting, the proposed process photographs the chip geometry during its elaboration. An original device reproducing perfectly orthogonal cutting conditions is used because it allows a good accessibility to the zone of machining and reduces considerably the vibrations found in conventional machining tests. A large range of cutting velocities is investigated (from 17 to 60 m/s) for a middle hard steel (French Standards XC18). The experimental measures of the root chip geometry, more specifically the tool-chip contact length and the shear angle, are obtained from an analysis of the pictures obtained with a numerical high-speed camera. These geometrical characteristics of chips are studied for various cutting speeds, at the three rake angles −5, 0, +5° and for different depths of cut reaching 0.65 mm.     

多维度TD-SCDMA网络覆盖分析方法研究

在日常的网络质量评估中,优化人员通常根据DT、网管统计等某一方面数据进行判断,因受时间、地点、位置的限制较大,分析的结果不能较全面、准确地反映网络问题。在综合分析ATU、MR等分析手段的基础上,给出了一种多维度的TD-SCDMA网络覆盖分析方法,其对ATU、MR、网管统计及经分数据进行多角度的关联,达到精确评估TD网络覆盖的目的,进而为市场提供参考实现TD终端的精确营销。     

Intelligent adaptive control for MIMO uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper investigates an intelligent adaptive control system for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems. This control system is comprised of a recurrent-cerebellar-model-articulation-controller (RCMAC) and an auxiliary compensation controller. RCMAC is utilized to approximate a perfect controller, and the parameters of RCMAC are on-line tuned by the derived adaptive laws based on a Lyapunov function. The auxiliary compensation controller is designed to suppress the influence of residual approximation error between the perfect controller and RCMAC. Finally, two MIMO uncertain nonlinear systems, a mass–spring–damper mechanical system and a Chua’s chaotic circuit, are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The simulation results confirm that the proposed intelligent adaptive control system can achieve favorable tracking performance with desired robustness.     

磁流变液阻尼器控制下贯流式机组轴系碰摩振动特性分析

针对贯流式水轮发电机组轴系受多振源引发的振动问题,基于线性接触力和库伦摩擦力组成的叶尖碰摩力模型,建立综合考虑不平衡磁拉力、油膜力以及不平衡水力等外激励影响下的机组转子–转轮–轴承系统碰摩动力学模型。为抑制转轮叶片振动诱发的碰摩故障,将一种电流调节式磁流变液阻尼器引入系统,采用数值方法研究有无磁流变液阻尼器在不同转速及转轮质量偏心下对转轮振动的抑制规律。结果表明：磁流变液阻尼器的存在使原本复杂的系统响应形式变得有序,能够减弱机组在转速变化过程中产生的振动,使转轮运动更为贴近同步周期运动形式;同时,可缩减因质量偏心变化造成的混沌行为并减小其振幅波动。磁流变液阻尼被动控制对贯流式水轮发电机组具有良好的适用性,可为贯流式机组轴系减振提供有益借鉴。