Effects of Groundwater Table Position and Soil Properties on Stability of Slope during Rainfall

Rainfall, hydrological condition, and geological formation of slope are important contributing factors to slope failures. Parametric studies were carried out to study the effect of groundwater table position, rainfall intensities, and soil properties in affecting slope stability. Three different groundwater table positions corresponding to the wettest, typical, and driest periods in Singapore and four different rainfall intensities (9, 22, 36, and 80 mm/h) were used in the numerical analyses. Typical soil properties of two main residual soils from the Bukit Timah Granite and the sedimentary Jurong Formation in Singapore were incorporated into the numerical analyses. The changes in factor of safety during rainfall were not affected significantly by the groundwater table near the ground surface due to the relatively small changes in matric suction during rainfall. A delay in response of the minimum factor of safety due to rainfall and a slower recovery rate after rainfall were observed in slopes from the sedimentary Jurong Formation as compared to those slopes from the Bukit Timah Granite. Numerical analyses of an actual residual soil slope from the Bukit Timah Granite at Marsiling Road and a residual soil slope from the sedimentary Jurong Formation at Jalan Kukoh show good agreement with the trends observed in the parametric studies.     

Shear Strength Equations for Unsaturated Soil under Drying and Wetting

Shear strength of unsaturated soil is an important engineering property in various geotechnical designs. In response to varying climatic conditions, unsaturated soil behaves differently under the drying and wetting processes due to hysteresis. Many research works were conducted and numerous equations were proposed for unsaturated shear strength, however, most of them were limited to the soil under the drying process. In this study, shear strength equations were categorized according to the nature of equation, i.e., fitting and prediction type equations. The purpose of this study is to propose prediction type shear strength equations for unsaturated soil under drying and wetting. Twelve published shear strength equations were selected for evaluation. A series of unsaturated consolidated drained triaxial tests were conducted on statically compacted sand-kaolin specimens under drying and wetting to examine the validity of the proposed equations. The experimental results indicated that the specimens on the drying path had a higher shear strength and exhibited more ductility, less stiffness, and contraction during shearing while the specimens on the wetting path had a lower shear strength and exhibited more brittleness, more stiffness, and dilation during shearing. The proposed equations were shown to provide the best predictions on the drying and wetting shear strength results from this study as well as published data in the comparison study.     

Experimental Investigation of the Hydraulic Erosion of Noncohesive Compacted Soils

This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation whose purpose was to evaluate the effects of compaction on the erodibility of cohesionless soils. By means of a recently developed flume experiment, sediment erosion rates and incipient motion, as a function of shear stress, average velocity, and dry density, have been determined for three compacted sand and gravel mixtures. A preliminary comparison of the incipient motion values shows that granular soils compacted at the Proctor optimum have a higher resistance to free surface flow erosion than those compacted at lower and higher densities. This leads one to infer that the Proctor optimum, generally used as a standard for construction, might also be an optimum for hydraulic resistance and stability. Additional comparison of the experimental data with two commonly used incipient motion criteria also suggests that Yang’s criterion is a better predictor of soil detachment than the Shields-Yalin criterion.     

Bridge Pier Scour in Clay-Sand Mixed Sediments at Near-Threshold Velocity for Sand

Local scour at circular bridge piers embedded in a clay-sand-mixed bed was investigated in laboratory flume experiments. The effects of clay content, water content, and sand size on maximum equilibrium scour depth, equilibrium scour hole geometry, scouring process, and time variation of scour were studied at velocities close to the threshold velocities for the sand in the clay-sand mixture. It was observed that clay content and water content were the key parameters that effect the scouring process, scour hole geometry, and maximum equilibrium scour depth. The bridge pier scouring process in clay-sand mixtures involved different dominating modes for removal of sediment from scour hole: chunks-of-aggregates, aggregate-by-aggregate, and particle-by-particle. Regression-based equations for estimation of nondimensional maximum scour depth and scour hole diameter for piers embedded in clay-sand mixtures having clay content of <40% and water content of <40% were proposed as functions of pier Froude number, clay content, water content, and bed shear strength.     

河台金矿剪切带构造演化及其与金成矿关系

通过对河台金矿含矿构造带的构造演化过程与剪切带演化过程中的金成矿研究,结果表明,深层韧性剪切作用在早中海西期形成糜棱岩带——容矿构造带(当期金迁出)、晚海西期和印支期(重要的成矿时期)提供含金热液,燕山期以后对金成矿的作用不明显。印支期,侵入作用为金成矿提供大量热液,对金进一步富集起重要作用。     

Modeling and Characterization of Grain Scale Strain Distribution in Polycrystalline Tantalum

A common sample geometry used to study shear localization is the "tophat": an axi-symmetric sample with an upper "hat" portion and a lower "brim" portion. The gage section lies between the hat and brim. The gage section length is on the order of 0.9 mm with deformation imposed through a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar system at maximum top-to-bottom velocity in the range of 10-25 m/sec. Detailed metallographic analysis has been performed on sections of the samples to quantify the topology and deformation state of the material after large deformation shear. These experiments performed with polycrystalline tantalum have been modeled using a multi-scale polycrystal plasticity approach. A Voronoi tessellation based microstructural model and a coupled thermo-mechanical elasto-viscoplastic crystal plasticity model was used. The crystal plasticity model allowed for slip to occur on the twelve {110}<111> and twelve {112}<111> slip systems. Three numerical models were produced using three different realizations of initial crystallographic texture distribution within the same morphological microstructure and the results presented. The detailed metallographic analysis of the deformed sample shear zone produced an estimate for the strain profile within that region and these results are compared directly to the three numerical simulation results. Although the models predict a stress response which is greater than that observed experimentally, the local strain response compares very well with the results of the metallographic analysis.     

弹性胶泥阻尼器的冲击实验研究及建模分析

通过实验与理论分析相互结合的方法,以纯硅油和不同体积比例的固体颗粒为介质的弹性胶泥阻尼器为研究对象,对各阻尼器分别进行不同高度下的冲击实验,分析在固液耦合作用下弹性胶泥阻尼器的冲击性能变化。并且在冲击实验的基础上建立阻尼器的动力学模型,通过数值方法辨识模型中方程的各参数并与实测数值进行对比。研究工作对含固体颗粒的弹性胶泥阻尼器的冲击实验分析与动力学建模以及该类阻尼器的工程应用有着理论指导意义。     

基于20-sim的减振器试验台液压系统键合图建模与动态仿真分析

研究了液压系统键合图建模方法.使用20-sim软件,建立了减振器试验台压缩时液压系统的键合图模型,并进行动态仿真,得到系统输出速度和输出压力的动态响应曲线,仿真结果证明了建模方法的可行性与正确性;通过建立系统的Simulink模型进行对比仿真分析,进一步验证仿真结果的可靠性.研究工作为液压系统的动态建模及仿真提供新的思路.     

12层剪力墙结构楼房爆破拆除

采用定向爆破拆除12层剪力墙结构楼。通过计算选择合适的爆破参数,在条件受限的情况下采用电与非电起爆网路,并采取了安全防护措施。爆破效果良好,为类似工程提供了借鉴。     

基于修正Backlash滞环的磁流变减振器建模

针对磁流变减振器在半主动控制应用中的非线性建模问题,借鉴电磁学中描述磁滞现象的方法,引入动态Backlash like模型描述阻尼力-速度特性中的滞回现象,兼顾磁流变减振器在不同电流及不同频率时的动特性,利用Sigmoid函数修正Backlash滞环,并考虑磁流变液屈服后黏性及充气压力作用,并联一个弹簧-阻尼系统,从而提出一种修正Backlash滞环的参数化模型.在试验台架上对自制的磁流变减振器进行不同电流和频率下的动特性试验,用试验数据对模型参数进行辨识,并验证了该模型的预测性能,预测误差小于10%～15%.该模型结构简单,能较精确地描述和预测磁流变减振器动特性,具有良好的实用价值.