三峡蓄水初期水库近坝区水环境特性分析

通过现场观测和数值模拟的方法，对三峡水库近坝区在蓄水初期的水流和水环境特性进行了 分析。对蓄水初期的溶解氧、BOD、COD和NH3-N、Cu等水质参数进行了观测，将蓄水初期水质资料与蓄水之前的结果进行了对比，分析了近坝区水环境变化趋势。采用大涡模拟紊流模型，考虑水体表面的热交换，对三峡近坝区的流动和水温分布特性进行了模拟。研究结果表明，三峡水库蓄水初期近坝区水流特性明显改变，主要表现为水深增加、流速变缓，部分地段有回流区出现。水质指标变化不明显，坝前断面溶解氧浓度、悬浮物浓度有所降低，和悬浮物密切相关的污染物总磷、重金属也随之降低；蓄水初期139m水位时坝前水域尚没有出现温度分层现象。     

Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

Single-sided ventilation — Part II. further considerations

This paper extends an earlier report of measurements and computer predictions of flows in a cubical cavity exposed on one side to the scavenging effect of an external stream. Further measurements and photographs are presented; they are consistent with each other and with the predictions of the computational model. Specifically, comparisons are made between measured and predicted mean velocities and turbulent shear stresses, and photographs are used to elucidate features of the shear layers generated by accelerating and decelerating external flows. The computer model is used to deduce approximate relations between internal turbulent activity (measured by mean velocity, turbulence energy and shear stress) and external velocity, percentage ‘window’ opening and relative position of the plane walls upstream and downstream of the cavity.     

三峡左岸电站水内冷机组纯水系统的诊断分析与改造实践

以纯水系统故障诊断与改造实践为主线，介绍了自投产以来。三峡左岸电站所遇到的纯水系统电磁泵轴瓦烧损和控制流程缺陷等主要故障的分析与处理方法。通过改造纯水系统起动方式、膨胀水箱和电磁泵等．克服了硬件设备存在的隐患，梯形图分析与模拟试验相结合，为分析和预控软件流程的潜在风险提供了有效途径。     

Electron transport in direct methanol fuel cells

A three-dimensional (3D), two-phase, isothermal model of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was employed to investigate effects of electron transport through the backing layer and the land in bipolar plates. It was found that the electronic resistance of the backing layer, affected by backing layer electronic conductivity, backing layer thickness and flow channel width, played a relatively important role in determining the current density distribution and cell performance. In order to ignore the electron transport effect on the average current density, the minimum electronic conductivity of the backing layer has to be 1000 S m⁻¹, with the relative error in the average current density less than 5%, under the given conditions.     

《大学信息技术基础》课程教学改革的研究

通过对福建省内高中信息技术相关课程及福建省内外《大学信息技术基础》课程设置的调研,针对当前《大学信息技术基础》教学过程中存在的一些问题,结合自己的工作实际,提出改革教学方式、方法,更新教学内容等,提高计算机基础教学质量和教学效果,以适应创新型、应用型人才培养的社会迫切需要。     

理工类高等院校实验室安全管理体系建设研究

实验室安全管理是理工类高等院校安全工作的重点内容．针对理工类高校实验室安全管理问题。对理工类高校实验室安全管理的特点和影响实验室安全管理的主要因素进行详细的研究和分析,并以此为基础从实验室安全管理组织体系、监督体系和保障体系三个方面提出建设理工类高等院校实验室安全管理体系的具体措施。     

三峡库区木鱼包滑坡不同库水升降速率变形响应离心模型试验研究

本文采用地表位移监测和离心机模型试验研究了木鱼包滑坡在不同库水升降速率条件下的变形响应规律,取得以下认识:(1)木鱼包滑坡在重力和库水等因素作用下,促滑段不断挤压抗滑段而发生推移式蠕滑变形。(2)木鱼包滑坡变形主要受库水位高程和升降速率影响,降雨对滑坡的变形影响有限。165～175 m水位时,较高的库水上升速率才能造成月累计位移量大于30 mm的滑坡变形事件,而较低的库水下降速率则能造成大量月累计位移量大于30 mm的滑坡变形事件。145～165 m水位时,滑坡对库水升降速率的变形响应降低,滑坡月累计变形量基本处于30 mm以下。(3)滑坡的变形与库水浮力和动水压力有关。库水升降速率较小时,坡体内外水头差很小,库水浮力控制滑坡的变形;在库水升降速率提升后,坡体内外水头差增大导致动水压力增强,促使滑坡在库水抬升阶段的变形减弱,而在库水下降阶段的变形得到加强。(4)木鱼包滑坡的变形响应表现出自调节自适应性,首次蓄水对滑坡稳定性影响最为显著,后续的周期性库水升降过程中,对库水变动响应的敏感性有所减弱。以上研究结果可为三峡库区滑坡防治和库水调度优化提供有益借鉴。     

基于时序InSAR技术的三峡大坝及周边地区形变监测

相对于需要投入大量人力物力且耗时较长的传统测量手段,采用InSAR技术进行大坝变形监测精度和范围都有了很大提升,全天候、全时间段可工作的特性也使观测周期大大缩短。基于PS-InSAR技术,利用2018年1月6日~2020年4月25日期间的66景哨兵1号卫星影像对三峡大坝周边的地表形变进行变形监测,分析并提取三峡大坝及周边地区的形变情况,研究三峡大坝及周边地区近年来形变的时间和空间演变特质,找出重点沉降区域,有助于维护大坝的安全。     

三峡水库运行后宜昌-城陵矶河段冲刷重心下移与时空演变

三峡大坝下游河道的冲刷发展影响着长江中下游的防洪、航运及区域经济发展。本文以宜昌至城陵矶河段约400 km长河段为研究对象,基于2002—2018年河道的来水来沙、泥沙粒径和横断面形态观测资料,计算并分析河道垂向冲淤、横向摆动、平滩面积、平滩水深和冲淤量的变化,根据河道平面形态将研究河段划分为32个子河段,对子河段平均平滩面积和平滩水深的变化速率进行分级,引入空间聚类分析方法,对冲刷强度等级最高的河段在时空尺度上分布进行聚类分析,研究河道冲刷重心的时空迁移规律。结果表明,三峡水库运用后下游河道经历了蓄水初期冲刷较强（2003—2007）、175 m正常蓄水运用后冲刷减弱（2008—2012）和上游梯级水库运用后冲刷增强（2013—2018）的三个阶段;空间上,宜昌至枝城及上荆江河段普遍冲刷,以弯曲型为主的下荆江河道以冲为主,但冲淤交替频繁,同时冲淤强度具有随时间衰减的特点;冲刷重心具有向下游迁移的趋势,在三峡水库蓄水初期冲刷重心向下迁移较快,之后减缓,上游梯级水库运用后,冲刷重心下移速率明显加快,之后再次减缓,2003—2018年冲刷重心平均下移速率约7.5 km/a。