基于模拟植物生长算法的平面度误差评定

平面特征是最基本的几何图形元素之一,在机械零部件中发挥着重要作用。为了实现方便准确地评定平面度误差,提出将模拟植物生长算法应用于确定平面度最小包容区域的问题中。首先,根据最小区域法建立了平面度误差评定的数学模型;其次,介绍了模拟植物生长算法的仿生原理和数学理论,引入了寻优步长的自适应调整机制,并且阐述了使用该算法评定平面度误差的具体流程;最后,基于VB6.0开发了算法的计算机程序,实例运行后将评定结果和现有的评定算法进行了比较。实践证明,采用模拟植物生长算法评定平面度误差,不仅可以有效地求出最小包容区域解,而且具有良好的快速性和稳定性。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑夏季人员开窗行为实测与建模研究

开关窗是建筑使用者控制室内热环 境和改善室内空气品质最直接且简单的手 段,同时对建筑节能也有重要影响,因此对 人员开关窗行为的定量化描述是非常必要 的。本研究通过对夏热冬冷地区—?—自贡市 7户住宅夏季人员开窗行为的实际监测,得到 以下结论：发现实测样本中存在三种明显差 异的典型开窗行为,分别是习惯性开窗型、 高强度开窗型和习惯性关窗型;对非环境因 素分析得出,一天中不同时段以及家庭成员 吸烟与否对开窗概率影响显著,而是否为工 作日以及住户所在楼层对开窗概率无明显影 夏热冬冷地区居住建筑夏季人员开窗行为实测与建模研究 * 刘奕巧　王新如　崔　颖　魏　绅　潘　嵩　LIU Yiqiao, WANG Xinru, CUI Ying, WEI Shen, PAN Song Measurement and Modelling of Occupants’ Window Opening Behavior in Residential Buildings in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions in Summer 中图分类号 TU228 文献标识码 B 文 章 编 号 2095-6304（2021）05-15-09 作者简介 刘奕巧： 吉林建筑大学寒地建筑综合节能教育部重点实 验室,马来亚大学机械工程学院,博士研究生 王新如（ 通讯作者）：天津商业大学机械工程学院,讲 师,xinru5263@ticu.edu.cn 崔　颖：宝武清洁能源武汉有限公司 魏　绅： 伦敦大学学院巴特莱特可持续建筑学院,副教授 潘　嵩： 吉林建筑大学寒地建筑综合节能教育部重点 实验室,北京工业大学绿色建筑环境与节能 技术重点实验室,教授 *寒地建筑综合节能教育部重点实验室开放课题项目; 河北省国际科技合作基地（20594501D）;“十三五”国 家重点研发计划(2017YFC0702200) 响;对于环境因素而言,当室外温度超过32 ℃,开窗概率开始降低,空调开启比例升高;室外温 度超过37 ℃,空调开启比例达到100%,但开窗比例仍有11.1%;建立了基于二元逻辑回归的夏季 高强度开窗行为预测模型,模型的预测准确率达到了86%,而室外温度是该模型最为重要的预 测因子。本文的研究成果可以用于细化能耗模拟软件及室内空气品质评价软件对该类型住宅建 筑开窗行为特征的描述,对住宅建筑节能设计、运行、改造以及住宅室内空气品质和热舒适研 究均有一定程度的参考意义。     

Density effects on activated sludge zone settling velocities

A recently developed method to manipulate biomass density based on the addition of synthetic microspheres was used to isolate density effects on zone (hindered) settling velocities in samples from full-scale activated sludge plants over a range biomass densities and concentrations. Settling velocities increased by as much as a factor of five as density was increased by microsphere addition. The effects of density on the Vesilind sedimentation model parameters (V=V(o)e(-kX) , where V is the settling velocity, X is the biomass concentration, and V(o) and k are constants) were evaluated. The parameter V(o) was positively correlated with density for values greater than approximately 1.02 g/mL, while k values were approximately constant in this range. New models were developed for settling velocity as a function of both density and biomass concentration, and these may be useful for future incorporation with clarifier models to improve predictions of system performance, particularly when biomass characteristics known to affect density are variable, such as polyphosphate and nonvolatile suspended solids content.     

超大牵伸集聚纺莱赛尔纱的工艺研究

探讨超大牵伸集聚纺纺莱赛尔纱的工艺配置。通过TH558型超大牵伸细纱机和FA507B型细纱机分别纺制莱赛尔9.8tex和莱赛尔14.8tex集聚纱,并对比了成纱质量;同时纺制了莱赛尔7.4tex纱,对TH558型细纱机牵伸后区有无压力棒情况下的不同中区牵伸倍数做了对比试验。试验表明:四罗拉三区超大牵伸纺出纱的条干、强力、毛羽数、粗细节等指标较好,但棉结数有所增加;纺制莱赛尔7.4tex集聚纱时,牵伸后区加装压力棒后纺纱质量较好,中区牵伸应控制在1.15倍~1.60倍。认为:四罗拉三区超大牵伸形式对纺制特细号纱有较好的适应性;牵伸后区加装压力棒可以明显改善成纱质量。     

集聚区牵伸倍数对紧密纱质量的影响

为了探讨紧密纺集聚区牵伸倍数对成纱质量的影响,在自行改造的EJM128K-SM型细纱机上进行了纺纱试验.集聚区牵伸倍数采用1.03倍～1.10倍,测试了CJ 14.6 tex紧密纱的毛羽、强伸性能及条干均匀度指标.结果表明:集聚区牵伸倍数对成纱质量有影响,随着集聚区牵伸倍数增大,紧密纱毛羽增多;集聚区牵伸倍数过大或过小,紧密纱断裂强力、强力CV、断裂伸长率等强伸性能指标较差,成纱条干均匀度也会有轻微的恶化.综合分析,纺CJ 14.6 tex紧密纱,集聚区牵伸倍数以1.05倍为宜.     

The effect of the external regulator’s absence on children’s speech use, manifested self-regulation, and task performance during learning tasks

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of the absence of the external regulators on children’s use of speech (private/social), task performance, and self-regulation during learning tasks. A novel methodology was employed through a computer-based learning environment that proposed three types/units of encouragement with only two sequences of instructional conditions, Verbal-Gesture-Silent (VGS) versus Silent-Gesture-Verbal (SGV). The Knowledge of response (KR) was applied as: verbal KR feedback with verbal encouragement during the verbal unit, visualization-representation of KR without verbal encouragement during the gesture unit, and no KR feedback without any encouragement during the silent unit. Three measurements were used: speech analysis, novel criteria to measure self-regulation and task performance, and a computer-based friendly chat questionnaire to measure children’s satisfaction. Forty preschool children were divided by their teachers between the two conditions equivalently. It was hypothesized that children in the VGS condition were more speech productive, manifested higher self-regulation, task performance, and satisfaction. The results showed significant differential effect on the speech intensity and manifested self-regulation with no significant differential effect on task performance and satisfaction during learning tasks. However, the results were not confirmed Vygotsky’s view as it were supported (neutralizing, at best) to Piaget’s view of self-regulation development.     

泛珠三角地区发展差异的因子分析

泛珠三角区域经济发展差异很大,利用多元统计中的因子分析法对其进行分析,提取了地区发展的三个因子：工业发展因子、效益发展因子和农业发展因子.利用因子得分对不同具体地区进行排序,解释其原因,分析泛珠三角中各地区的发展差异,并提出相应的进一步合作发展对策.     

黄土包气带水分运移的现场研究

本文主要介绍了在核素迁移试验现场进行的黄土包气带水分运移研究的方法和主要结果。包气带水分运移试验建有一座９．０ｍ深的负压计观测竖井和二个２８．０ｍ深的中子仪测算。     

核或辐射应急计划基本概念的最新发展

自９０年代以来，特别是切尔诺贝利事故后，ＩＣＲＰ明确提出了干预的辐射防护体系，核或辐射应急计划的很多方面有了进一步的发展，国际组织（ＩＣＲＰ、ＩＡＥＡ等）对他们原先的建议进行了若干重要修改，其中包括干预水平、应急计划类型、应急计划区、应急等级和集成应急计划等基本概念。与此同时，国际上对先进核电厂要求从设计上减少事故对场外的影响，免除对周围居民快速撤离之类的应急计划要求。本文对这些基本概念的发展及其     

The impact of wave energy farms in the shoreline wave climate: Portuguese pilot zone case study using Pelamis energy wave devices

This paper describes the study of the impact of energy absorption by wave farms on the nearshore wave climate and, in special, the influence of the incident wave conditions and the number and position of the wave farms, on the nearshore wave characteristics is studied and discussed. The study was applied to the maritime zone at the West coast off Portugal, namely in front of São Pedro de Moel, where it is foreseen the deployment of offshore wave energy prototypes and farms between the 30 m and 90 m bathymetric lines, with an area of 320 Km². In this study the REFDIF model was adapted in order to model the energy extraction by wave farms. Three different sinusoidal incident wave conditions were considered. Five different wave farm configurations, varying the position of the wave farm, its number and the width of the navigation channels at each wave farm were analysed. The results for each configuration in terms of the change of the wave characteristics (wave height and wave direction) at the nearshore are presented, compared and discussed for three representative wave conditions.