隧道地质预报中的瞬变电磁视纵向电导解释方法研究

瞬变电磁隧道超前地质预报最常用到的成果解释图为视电阻率等值线图,但由于视纵向电导相对于视电阻率等值线图具有更好的电性界面识别特征,因此,研究隧道超前地质预报中的瞬变电磁视纵向电导解释方法就显得很有意义。通过建立在全空间条件下的等效导电平面法来计算视纵向电导参数,并且详细阐述了视纵向电导曲线及其一次、二次微分曲线之间的关系。然后,通过建立隧道正演夹层模型和实际应用实例对视纵向电导的解释特点和效果进行较为全面的分析研究,并深入讨论了视电阻率等值线图与视纵向电导二次微分成像联合解释方法。最后,总结和归纳出视纵向电导在瞬变电磁超前地质预报解释中的一些方法特点和规律,以此指导瞬变电磁法在隧道内的超前地质预报工作,不断提高瞬变电磁隧道超前地质预报的精度及准确度。     

Performance model evaluation of turbine flow meter in vertical gas-liquid two-phase flows

Aiming at the need for flow measurement of gas-liquid flows in domestic gas well production, this paper proposes a measurement method based on the combination of the turbine flow meter (TFM) and a rotating electric field conductance sensor (REFCS). In experiments, the REFCS is used for the measurement of the gas holdup. To verify the applicability of the TFM models investigated in the previous study, for the modeling part, the mass, momentum and torque models are evaluated in vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flows. In our model test, the meter factor model of TFM considers the effects of the slip ratio between the gas and liquid phases and flow patterns. In particular, the gas holdup involved in calculating the slip ratio in the model evaluation is obtained from the REFCS measurements. Model test results show the torque model has better volumetric flow rate prediction accuracy than the mass and momentum models. In the present study, the ranges of the liquid and gas phases are Q_w = 2–30 m³/d and Q_g = 1–16 m³/d, it was found that the average absolute deviation (AAD) in the predicted volume flow rate is equal to 1.23 m³/d and the average absolute percentage deviation (AAPD) is equal to 7.69%. The evaluated results presented in this paper will allow better estimates of the volumetric flow rates of gas-liquid flows based on the combined TMF and REFCS measurements during the monitoring of gas well production.     

电导微生物技术快速测定原料乳菌落总数的研究

从乳品电导率微生物学的角度研究了快速测定原料乳菌落总数的原理。向计算机(MALTHUS计算软件)中一一对应输入平皿菌落计数值的log值与检测时间，当输入50组以上数据时曲线自动生成。将电导测定方法与常规方法测定结果相比较，结果较理想。电导率微生物检测提供了传统微生物测试所不能比拟的优点。结果表明，该方法具有快速测定、方便、资料自动搜查、允许样品随时插入测试的优点，原料奶得以更快速的监测，适合用于原料乳的微生物指标的质量控制。     

一种改进INC和MPC的光伏最大功率点跟踪算法

最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)常用于在光伏发电系统中获取最大的功率输出。针对光伏系统最大功率点跟踪过程中存在动态响应速度和稳态跟踪精度难以兼顾的问题,提出了一种改进电导增量法(INC)结合模型预测控制算法(MPC)的光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪技术。利用改进电导增量法获取光伏系统下一时刻的电流参考值,与模型预测控制器获取的电流值相比较,通过建立和评价系统两步长模型指标函数,达到MPPT快速跟踪的目的。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Grapevine canopy response to a high‐temperature event during deficit irrigation

Background and Aims: Despite much anecdotal evidence, there has been little scientific investigation of the potential effects of a high‐temperature event on grapevines during deficit irrigation. This study examined the interaction between temperature and water status on leaf physiology. Methods and Results: Two experiments used Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings grown in a glasshouse at approximately 27–30°C before deficit irrigation treatments were imposed. When water stress was apparent, a 2‐day high‐temperature event with maximum daytime temperatures of approximately 40–45°C was generated. Leaf damage, stomatal conductance and water potential of deficit‐irrigated vines were all affected to a greater extent than in the well‐watered vines. Conclusions: The negative effects of a high‐temperature event on vine physiology were more severe in vines experiencing water stress than in well‐watered vines, but recovery was rapid even without re‐watering. Significance of the Study: An increase in the use of deficit irrigation will lead to a greater likelihood of vines being water stressed on hot days, and the observed responses indicate that this will result in greater damage to the vine.     

Effect of different parameters on the in situ thermal conductance evaluation

In the last years many studies have been carried out on the possible improvements of the in situ thermal conductance measurement; as well known, this has to be derived by recorded values of temperatures and heat fluxes. A big effort has been addressed in the implementation and comparison of different analysis methods. The aim of this paper is to widen the existent literature in the study of the influence of different kinds of input data on the final result. First the problem of analysing input data with significant drift in temperature is considered, adopting both nominal clean and noise affected data. Then the effect due to the presence of the Heat Flux Meter (HFM) on the thermal field of the testing element has been analysed, as well as the possibility of recording HFM surface temperature. These studies are based on Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations; both nominal clean and noise affected data have been considered as input. Finally, a difference in emissivity between the heat flux meter and internal plaster surface has been analysed by means of FEM simulations based on nominal clean data. An overall estimation of the occurred deviations in the different cases is shown.     

Anisotropic transport properties of quantum dot arrays fabricated by the edge-defined nanowires

The anisotropic transport properties of quantum dot arrays fabricated by the nanoimprinted multilayer quantum wires have been investigated. The vertical transport characteristics are estimated by the carrier capture time from the electron reservoir to the low dimensional structures, which turned out to be longer than the spontaneous emission lifetime. The lateral transport characteristics are modeled after the quantum conductance between quantum dot arrays which are readily available from the miniband structures. The resulting lateral transport revealed that lateral quantum conductance can be minimized when the Fermi level is kept at the center of the miniband gap when the gap is larger than 4 kT.     

Combining electrodermal responses and cardiovascular measures for probing adaptive automation during simulated flight

Adaptive automation increases the operator's workload in case of hypovigilance and takes over more responsibility if workload becomes too high. Two consecutive studies were conducted to construct a biocybernetic adaptive system for a professional flight simulator, based on autonomic measures. Workload was varied through different stages of turbulences. In a first study with 18 participants, electrodermal responses of experimental subjects oscillated very close to the individual set point, demonstrating that workload level was adjusted as a result of adaptive control, which was not the case in yoked control subjects without adaptive automation. Combining electrodermal responses with heart rate variability in a second study with 48 participants further enhanced the adaptive power which was seen in even smaller set point deviations for the experimental compared to the yoked control group. We conclude that the level of arousal can be adjusted to avoid hypovigilance by combining autonomic measures in a closed loop.     

YFe1-yCoyO3半导体气敏材料的制备和性能研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了YFe1-yCoyO3（0．0≤y≤0．05）固溶纳米晶微粉，并对其制备条件，物相组成，微结构，电导和气敏效应作了系统研究，结果表明，钴B位掺杂铁酸钇材料呈典型的P型半导体导电行为，同温下固溶体电导不仅大于纯相YFeO3的电导而且随湿度增加其电阻迅速下降，243℃下YFe0.9Co0.1O3传感器元件对乙醇有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性，有望开发为一类新型C2H5OH3信息敏感材料。