重油催化裂化装置高温烟气冷却器的改造

对重油催化裂化装置原有的高温烟气冷却器进行改造的情况和改造后的烟冷器的优点进行了详细论述，并对烟冷器改造后带来的经济效益作了简要介绍。     

降低汽油烯烃含量裂化催化剂LBO-12的研制与开发

探讨了催化裂化过程降低汽油烯烃的反应原理，研究了催化剂各组分对裂化汽油性质影响的规律性，围绕提高氢转移活性，提出制备降烯烃裂化催化剂的技术路线，并研制开发了新型LBO-12降烯烃催化剂，固定流化床反应器对中试样品的评价和工业应用结果表明，该催化剂在不损失汽油辛烷值的前提下，降低催化裂化汽油烯烃能力较强，并具有较高的水热活性稳定性和良好的抗重金属污染特性。     

添加剂强化重油催化裂化的过程分析与应用

运用工程化学原理分析讨论了添加剂强化重油催化裂化的过程，包括分散稳定气泡、改善雾化、保护酸中心、抑制焦炭生成以及提高重油气化率的胶体结构改性、降低表面张力和改善微孔润湿，并用以指导强化重油催化裂化添加剂的筛选。建立小型固定流化床催化裂化实验装置评价了添加剂的强化效果。结果表明，添加剂强化重油催化裂化可降低催化剂生焦1．0％左右，提高总液体收率1．0％～2．8％。     

大庆蜡油在酸性催化剂上反应机理的研究

以大庆蜡油为原料，采用两种不同类型的催化剂，在流化床反应器实验装鬣上进行催化裂化反应。结果表明，大庆蜡油在酸性催化剂上反应所产生的干气组成与高烯烃催化裂化汽油相同，干气的产生主要是单分子裂化反应所造成的。从干气产率、组成以及液化气组成可以看出，大庆蜡油在不同类型的催化剂上明显地表现出裂化反应类型的差异。     

Agricultural land-use change in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995: Evidence from integrated satellite and census data

As cropland and pasture have replaced forest and cerrado in Brazilian Amazônia, concern has mounted over the effects of changing the biogeochemical and hydrological properties of one of the world's great storehouses of biomass and biodiversity. Although much recent effort has focused on the location, effects, and causes of deforestation and cerrado conversion, much less is known about the basin-wide spatial distribution and density of the land use following conversion for crops or pasture.In this paper, we use census and satellite records to develop maps of the distribution and abundance of major agricultural land uses across 4.5×10⁸ ha of Brazilian Amazônia in 1980 and 1995. Results indicate an overall expansion of 7.0×10⁶ ha in total agricultural area in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995. The net change during this period is estimated for three different land-use types: croplands (an increase of 0.8×10⁶ ha), natural pastures (a decrease of 8.4×10⁶ ha), and planted pastures (an increase of 14.7×10⁶ ha). These estimates, the first spatially explicit quantifications of agricultural land-use activities in 1980 and 1995 across Brazilian Amazônia, are shown to be consistent with the results of applying a land use change and secondary regrowth model to published deforestation rates for the period.The resulting time slices, presented for each land-use category at 5-min (∼9 km) spatial resolution, allow for the quantification of land-use changes in this region for biogeochemical, demographic and economic models. Several foci of agricultural change existed within Brazilian Amazônia during this period: in the state of Pará, cropland was lost and planted pasture increased markedly; in Mato Grosso, both cropland and planted pasture increased; in Rondônia, planted pasture replacing forest was the primary route to agricultural expansion.     

催化裂化汽油脱硫助剂的研究

分析了催化裂化汽油脱硫助剂的作用机理。考察了不同种类L酸活性组分的脱硫性能以及L酸活性组分含量对脱硫效率和催化裂化催化剂活性的影响。合成了水溶性的汽油脱硫助剂。在中型试验装置上研究了该助剂活性组分挂载率和脱硫效果。中试结果表明：对不同原料油，所研制的汽油脱硫助剂可降低汽油硫含量15％～18％，并且不会对催化裂化催化剂的活性和产品性质产生不利影响。     

ESW激波吹灰器在余热锅炉的应用

介绍了ESW激波吹灰器的工作原理及其在茂名分公司Ⅲ套催化裂化装置余热锅炉的应用情况。应用结果表明，使用ESW激波吹灰器吹灰效果明显，吹灰后余热锅炉排烟温度可下降29℃，过热蒸汽产量增加7t/h，锅炉自产饱和蒸汽产量增加2t/h，有效提高了余热锅炉的传热效率和过热能力，节能效果显著。对应用中出现的一些问题提出了改进建议。     

重油催化裂化沉降器结焦原因分析

分析了重油催化裂化沉降器结焦的原因，认为反应油气中含有催化剂颗粒以及油气中重组分的冷凝是沉降器结焦的物理原因，而重芳烃、胶质、沥青质的高温缩合则是沉降器结焦的化学因素。因此，防止沉降器结焦的关键是抑制油气重组分的冷凝和减少油气在沉降器内的停留时间。     

塔河渣油高温催化临氢热转化技术研究

以塔河减压渣油（简称塔河减渣）为原料，在实验室小型试验装置和中型连续试验装置上，对在较高温度条件下催化临氢热转化加工塔河减渣的工艺操作条件及改质效果进行了系统研究。采用高分散的油溶性催化剂，在高压釜反应器中考察了反应温度、反应压力、催化剂添加量、溶剂油添加量、反应时间以及助剂添加量对塔河减渣催化临氢热转化反应的转化率和缩合率的影响，优化了操作参数。在优化的操作条件下，进行了塔河减渣催化临氢热转化中型试验，得到初馏点大于524 ℃组分的裂化率为85.2%，馏分油收率为80%，金属（Ni+V）和沥青质脱除率均大于90%。     

Synthesis and characterization of acidic properties of Al-SBA-15 materials with varying Si/Al ratios

Al-SBA-15 of varying Si/Al ratios in the range 11.4–78.4 was synthesized using tri-block copolymer P123. The calcined materials were examined by XRD, pore size distribution, surface area, ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy. The acidity and acid strength distribution were studied using microcalorimetric adsorption of NH₃. The acidic properties were also examined by cumene cracking reaction as a function of Si/Al ratios. Systematic variation of acidity and activity was observed as a function of Si/Al ratio. The initial heats of NH₃ adsorption correlated well with activity indicate that acid sites with ΔH > 100 kJ/mole is responsible for cumene cracking activity. Linear correlations were obtained with total acidity and cumene cracking activities. The tetrahedral aluminum was found to be responsible for the observed acidities and catalytic activities.