臭氧在饮用水处理中的应用

阐述臭氧在水处理中的氧化消毒机理,其强氧化性能破坏了有机物的分子结构,将一部分有机物彻底分解,同时将大分子有机物生成小分子有机物,改变了有机物性质,提高了其可生化性。介绍臭氧在水处理中的应用,如预氧化对微污染水中有机物、无机物、藻类及颗粒物的去除,以及对饮用水消毒杀菌。     

The Feasibility Of Ozone For Purification of Hatchery Waters

Ozone is feasible as a disinfectant of nursery tank makeup water in a planned recycle system at the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery. A dosage of 3 mg/L ozone to the makeup water should prevent disease carrying organisms and algae from entering the nursery tank system by way of the makeup water which is taken from the North Fork of the Clearwater River.     

Trihalomethanes in the drinking water of Concepción and Talcahuano,Chile

Formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) during water disinfection has been related to several health problems, although the magnitude of these effects is under discussion. This paper quantifies the THMs in drinking water from the Bío‐Bío Region of central Chile, the first since the modification of the national reference value (Nch 409/05) to include maximal values for THMs. THMs were quantified using a solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) method and GC‐MS. The concentration ranges were 9.7–111.6, 0.1–1.0 and 0.9–25.5 μg/L for chloroform (CHCl₃), and dibromochloromethane (CHClBr₂) and bromodichloromethane (CHCl₂Br), respectively. Bromoform was not detected in any sample. There were good correlations (R²=0.91–0.98, P<0.001) between the THMs and the residence time of the water, the distance from the treatment plant and an inverse correlation to free chlorine in the water. The Additive Toxicity Index Value (0.07–1.00) showed that all samples were within the Chilean reference value for THMs in drinking water. However, several values were close to exceeding the maximum permitted concentration (200, 100, 100 and 60 μg/L for CHCl₃, CHBr₃, CHClBr₂ and CHCl₂Br, respectively), which may occur when the water demand is low and thus residence times are longer.     

臭氧预氧化技术在给水处理中的研究进展

介绍了臭氧预氧化技术在饮用水处理中的应用,包括臭氧预氧化助凝,臭氧预氧化改善浊度、色度、嗅味等感官指标,臭氧预氧化去除无机、有机污染物,臭氧预氧化对致病微生物、藻类、消毒副产物等的处理效果,以及臭氧预氧化在强化常规处理工艺过程中起到的作用。表明臭氧具有多方面的除污染效能,对给水处理工艺的发展和饮用水水质的提升有显著促进作用。同时也提出了存在的一些问题,便于今后的研究和应用中进一步改进和完善。     

臭氧技术在循环冷却水处理中的应用

分析了臭氧技术在循环冷却水处理中的缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌作用,总结了国内外臭氧处理冷却水的应用和研究,进而分析了臭氧技术在冷却水处理中的优势和应用前景。     

液氯消毒和紫外线消毒在实践中的应用比较

为了有效保护水体,防止传染性病原菌对人们的危害,降低水源的总大肠菌群数和粪大肠菌群数,对污水处理厂出水进行消毒是十分必要的,文章通过介绍液氯消毒和紫外线消毒,并针对这两种消毒方式在广州污水厂的应用实践的比较,提出对于污水处理厂出水消毒的建议。     

UV inactivation and resistance of rotavirus evaluated by integrated cell culture and real-time RT-PCR assay

Rotaviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses which are among the most resistant waterborne enteric viruses to UV disinfection. An integrated cell culture and real-time RT-PCR (ICC real-time RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect the infectivity of rotaviruses in water, which uses real-time RT-PCR to detect RNA produced by infectious rotaviruses during replication in host cells. Detection of rotaviral RNA in host cells provides direct evidence of the presence of infectious rotavirus rather than just the presence of rotavirus RNA. Using this newly developed method, the inactivation and resistance of rotavirus to UV treatments at various doses was evaluated. With an initial concentration of 2 × 10⁴ PFU/ml simian rotavirus (SA11), a first-order linear relationship was obtained at UV dose range of 0-120 mJ cm⁻², and the inactivation rate constant was estimated to be 0.0343 cm² mJ⁻¹ (R² = 0.966). The dose-inactivation curve tailed off and reached plateau as the UV dose increased from 120 to 360 mJ cm⁻², indicating resistance phenomena of sub-populations of SA11 at very high UV doses. A maximal reduction of 4.8 log₁₀ was observed. Through parallel comparison with traditional culture assay, the ICC real-time RT-PCR method demonstrated more effective, sensitive and faster infectivity detection of rotavirus and, the results reveal that rotaviruses are more resistant to UV irradiation than previously reported with traditional cell culture assays.     

人工海水浴场的水处理工程设计

针对天津渤海湾海水温度低,浊度、有机物、胶体物质、悬浮物以及细菌等含量较高的特点,采用除砂预处理/加药混凝消毒/精细过滤/长效消毒/pH调节的处理工艺,出水作为人工海滨浴场用水.实践表明,出水水质优于国家二级海水水质标准,处理成本为0.782元/m~3.     

我国管道分质供水的现状与展望

介绍了我国管道分质供水技术的研究现状,包括在实际工程中的常用供水形式、处理技术和消毒方法等;同时介绍了管道分质供水工程在我国几个典型城市的应用情况.此外,分析了管道分质供水技术在应用过程中存在的缺陷和不足,并提出了该技术今后的研究和发展方向.     

液氯消毒工艺去除微囊藻毒素的试验研究

通过小试研究了氯消毒工艺对黄浦江水中两种微囊藻毒素的去除效果及对水厂实际运行的意义.结果表明,游离氯对试验中所研究的两种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-RR)具有一定的去除效果,两种微囊藻毒素的氯化降解过程均符合二级反应动力学模型,通过提高游离氯的浓度和持续时间,可以显著提高微囊藻毒素的降解速率;在pH值为7.25时,将黄浦江水中10 μg/L的MC-LR降至国家水质标准中的要求值(1μg/L)所需要的cT值为107.99 mg·min/L,正常消毒条件下难以达到此值;但氯消毒工艺能够明显降低微囊藻毒素的急性毒性,可以作为目前控制水中微囊藻毒素脱毒的一种手段.