用于稀土电解的小盒卡具应用技术研究

对大型稀土电解槽用阳极卡具进行分析研究,介绍了小盒卡具的安装方法及工作过程,再与传统楔形卡具进行了对比分析,得出小盒卡具在使用过程中不发热、不变形、不松脱,具有紧固压力大、导电性好等优点,为改善阳极压接方式收到了良好的效果.     

Electrochemical Study on the Reduction Mechanism of Uranium Oxide in a LiCl-Li2O Molten Salt

By means of a linear sweep voltammetry, a cyclic voltammetry and a chronopotentiometry, the electrolytic reduction of uranium oxide has been studied to establish the reduction mechanisms, which are based on a simultaneous uranium oxide reduction and a Li₂O electrowinning, and the formation and electrolysis of lithium uranate. From the voltammograms, the reduction potentials of the uranium oxide and Li₂O were obtained. From the chronopotentiometries based on the results of the voltammograms, the uranium oxide was reduced to uranium metal through the reduction mechanisms showing a more than 99% conversion. For a verification of the reduction mechanisms feasibility, basic data on the electrolytic reduction of the uranium oxide was obtained from the experiments and the characteristics of the closed recycle of Li₂O were discussed.     

Removal of Ruthenium from PUREX Process, (II) Fundamental Research of Electrolytic Oxidation of Ruthenium

A new method was developed for the removal of ruthenium from nitric acid solutions. Ruthenium in 3 M nitric acid solution is oxidized electrolytically to ruthenium tetraoxide, and the tetraoxide is extracted into n-paraffin. The ruthenium tetraoxide extracted in paraffin is readily reduced to ruthenium dioxide by the solvent as black suspension, and it can be easily filtered off through an ordinary cellulose fiber filter. By this method, ruthenium, one of the most troublesome fission elements in PUREX Process, can be removed.     

人工湿地-微生物电解池耦合系统的脱氮特性

实验构建了人工湿地-微生物电解池耦合系统（CW-MEC），并考察了CW-MEC在阴极有无曝气及不同水力停留时间（HRT）的条件下对生活污水的处理效果。实验结果显示，降低HRT会让CW-MEC阴极、阳极的COD去除率由91.11%±7.76%、86.58%±9.54%降低为77.81%±14.84%、81.44%±11.11%，氨氮去除率由58.54%±5.80%、58.22%±5.03%降低为48.04%±12.94%、48.27%±13.40%；阴极增加曝气会让CW-MEC阴极、阳极的COD去除率分别提高到89.51%±3.92%、82.40%±1.63%，阴极氨氮去除率提高到71.51%±16.44%，而阳极氨氮去除率不受影响；增加阴极曝气条件后，系统阴、阳极开始有硝酸盐氮积累，而CW-MEC阴极的硝酸盐氮含量明显低于对照组（CW-MFC）；通过电化学性能分析，相对于CW-MFC系统，CW-MEC具有更低的内阻；通过微生物多样性分析，CW-MEC系统具有更丰富的微生物多样性。     

2D sodium titanate nanosheet encapsulated Ag2O-TiO2 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst: Improving photocatalytic activity by the enhanced adsorption capacity

In a photocatalytic reaction, maintaining the high efficiency of photocatalyst under a low concentration of pollutants is a key challenge. In this work, a new 2D sodium titanate nanosheet encapsulated Ag₂O-TiO₂ (2D NTO/Ag₂O-TiO₂) p-n heterojunction photocatalyst is proposed to deal with this dilemma. Through a simple plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment and ion exchange treatment, a classic Ag₂O-TiO₂ p-n heterojunction structure is prepared and used as the photoelectric conversion unit in the photocatalyst. Then, through a subsequent hydrothermal treatment, a 2D NTO film that serves as the adsorption unit in the photocatalyst can be produced on the surface of the Ag₂O-TiO₂ p-n heterojunction layer. Finally, the desired 2D NTO/Ag₂O-TiO₂ structure is formed. The photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic performance including high degradation rate as well as excellent catalytic stability and durability by combining the high sunlight utilization efficiency and high photoelectric utilization efficiency of the Ag₂O-TiO₂ p-n heterojunction and the outstanding adsorption performance of the 2D NTO film. Therefore, the problem of photocatalytic slow kinetics under low pollutants concentration is perfectly solved. This work provides a new strategy for the structural design of high-performance photocatalysts.     

High-temperature corrosion characteristics of yttria-stabilized zirconia material in molten salts of LiCl-Li2O and LiCl-Li2O-Li

The isothermal and cyclic corrosion behavior of yttria (Y₂O₃)-stabilized zirconia (ZrO₂) in a LiCl-Li₂O molten salt were investigated at 650 °C in an argon atmosphere. During isothermal and cyclic corrosion tests in the molten salt of LiCl-Li₂O for 168 h and 7 thermal cycles, the corrosion rate was very low, whereas under the molten salt of LiCl-Li₂O-Li for 168 h, the corrosion rate was almost 10 times higher than that in the molten salt of LiCl-Li₂O. No corrosion product was detected until 168 h for the isothermal corrosion test, however, after 7 thermal cycles, a very-low-intensity Li₂ZrO₃ peak was detected at the beginning stage of the chemical reaction between ZrO₂ and Li₂O. Additionally, in the molten salt of LiCl-Li₂O-Li for 168 h, a large amount of Li₂ZrO₃ was formed, with evidence of marked cracks, pores, and spallations on the corroded surface. The introduction of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ was beneficial in increasing the hot corrosion resistance of the structural materials used to handle molten salts containing Li₂O at elevated temperature without forming a lithium at the cathode during the electrolytic reduction process.     

Effect of tunnel structure on the specific capacitance of etched aluminum foil

The morphology of etched aluminum foil was observed using scanning electron microscopy, which led to the establishment of a cylindrical model and two merged models, considering the fixed weight loss of etching. The maximum of specific capacitance and the cor- responding optimum values for tunnel sizes at various anodization voltages were predicted. The increased size distribution and taper of tun- nels were demonstrated to decrease the specific capacitance, whereas the addition of polymeric additive into the ttmnel widening solution was demonstrated to increase the capacitance. The formation of merged tunnels on the etched aluminum surface, irrespective of the presence of row-merged tunnels or cluster-merged tunnels, resulted in a dramatic decrease in the specific capacitance. It is concluded that, enhancing the uniformity of turmel size and distribution and avoiding the formation of merged tunnels are the effective approach to achieving the higher capacitance for the tunnel etched and formed aluminum foil.     

钨铼合金电化学溶解及沉淀分离研究

针对钨铼合金废料,采用电化学溶解法使钨、钼、铼在氢氧化钠溶液中完全溶出,再采用氯化钙沉钨钼和氯化钾沉铼进行了电解溶液的选择性沉淀分离,研究并确定了钨铼合金废料电化学溶解和沉淀分离的适宜工艺参数。结果表明:槽电压2.5 V,NaOH浓度100 g·L~(-1),电解温度30～40℃,极距20～30 mm,钨铼离子总浓度控制在30～35 g·L~(-1)时,钨、钼、铼溶出率均大于99.00%,电流效率高达99.00%以上,钨钼铼废丝和钨铼边角料的电溶能耗分别为1.43和2.28 kW·h·kg~(-1),丝状废料较块状废料更好电溶。当反应温度80℃,CaCl_2用量为3倍理论用量,溶液OH~-浓度9.5 g·L~(-1),溶液W离子浓度为23.18 g·L~(-1),反应时间2 h时,钨、钼沉淀率分别为99.86%和99.55%,得到CaWO_4/CaMoO_4白色混合物沉淀,其SEM形貌主要为球形颗粒。经过上述2道工序后,钨、钼回收率分别达到98.86%和98.55%,且制得KReO_4白色晶体。     

Effect of NaOH on plasma electrolytic oxidation of A356 aluminium alloy in moderately concentrated aluminate electrolyte

Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) of cast A356 aluminum alloy was carried out in 32 g/L NaAlO₂ with the addition of different concentrations of NaOH. The stability of the aluminate solution is greatly enhanced by increasing the concentration of NaOH. However, corresponding changes in the PEO behaviour occur due to the increment of NaOH concentration. Thicker precursor coatings are required for the PEO treatment in a more concentrated NaOH electrolyte. The results show that the optimal NaOH concentration is 5 g/L, which improves the stability of storage electrolyte to about 35 days, and leads to dense coatings with high wear performance (wear rate: 4.1×10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹).     

面向钛合金微细铣削的等离子体电解氧化膜层的制备与性能分析

目的 降低TC4钛合金微小零件的铣削难度,提高表面加工质量和加工效率.方法 采用以NaAlO2为主要成分的电解液,借助等离子体电解氧化(Plasma Electrolysis Oxidation,PEO)作用,在TC4钛合金表面原位生长厚度约为20μm的疏松多孔氧化膜层.分别使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪对氧化膜层的结构和组成进行表征,采用测力仪、白光干涉仪对氧化膜层微细铣削时的切削力和表面粗糙度进行测量.结果 氧化膜层为TC4钛合金原位生长所得,厚度较为均匀,约为20μm.结构疏松多孔,孔隙率高,孔洞分布较为均匀,与基体结合力差.与TC4钛合金相比,氧化膜层的弹性模量和硬度分别降低了79.8％和75.0％;相同切削参数下,三向铣削力分别降低了91.90％、78.13％和42.62％,表面粗糙度Ra值减小了52.6％.结论 该氧化膜层较传统膜层而言,有更加疏松多孔的结构,强度更低,可明显降低微细铣削的三向力,加工表面粗糙度明显降低,且无明显的顶部毛刺.该方法显著降低了TC4钛合金微细铣削的加工难度,有效改善了加工表面质量,验证了等离子体电解氧化的方法用于辅助铣削TC4钛合金的可行性.