微波消解法测定小麦胚芽中磷的含量

用微波消解技术对小麦胚芽进行前处理,然后用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定了其磷含量。使用微波消解炉,实验结果表明:该法操作简单、试剂用量少、重现性好,用微波消解技术大大缩短了样品前处理的时间,适于食品中磷元素含量的测定。     

文冠果油对SD孕鼠毒性和胎鼠致畸性研究

研究文冠果油对SD孕鼠的毒性和胎鼠致畸性。以花生油为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照,文冠果油0.92、1.83、3.67 g/kg为低、中、高剂量组,灌胃SD受孕大鼠,解剖观察孕鼠胚胎毒性指标和胎鼠生长发育指标,分析文冠果油对胎鼠外观畸形、骨骼发育和内脏、脑系统发育的影响。结果表明：文冠果油各剂量组孕鼠饮食、活动正常,未出现中毒特征。与阴性对照组相比,各剂量组孕鼠的体重没有受到影响,体重增重、子宫连胎重、体重净增重、黄体数、着床数、活胎数、吸收胎数、死胎数均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;各剂量组胎鼠的体重、体长、外观畸形率、骨骼发育畸形率和内脏、脑系统发育畸形率也没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。文冠果油未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL)为3.67 g/kg,对SD大鼠未见明显母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。     

储藏微环境条件下小麦细胞超微结构变化及衰老机制研究

采用人工模拟储藏小麦,通过测定小麦胚细胞中的O_2~-、有毒产物MDA的含量、种子活力以及利用透射电镜观察,研究不同储藏微环境(A、B、C、D)下小麦衰老和胚细胞超微结构的变化规律。结果表明:随储藏时间延长和环境温湿度的增加,胚细胞中O_2~-和MDA含量不断增大,种子活力下降,储藏90 d后O_2~-和MDA产生速率都显著高于前期(P0.05),并且高温高湿D(35℃,85%)条件下三者变化幅度都显著高于低温低湿A(15℃,50%)条件(P0.05)。电镜观察发现:随储藏温湿度的增高,小麦胚细胞的超微结构损伤也在加剧,主要表现为:细胞形态改变;膜的完整性逐渐丧失;细胞核染色质凝聚,核仁分裂;线粒体数目减少,内外膜破损,出现空泡化等。以此探讨小麦衰老与胚细胞超微结构损伤之间的关系,以期丰富储藏小麦的衰老机制研究。     

女贞子胚培养及愈伤组织诱导

采用不同培养基对女贞子的胚进行培养,并对其幼苗的叶片和嫩茎进行愈伤组织诱导.结果表明,在胚的萌发诱导中,以MS+1.00 mg·L-1 6-BA培养时,女贞子幼苗的叶长和根长最长;以MS+1.50 mg·L-1 6-BA培养时,女贞子幼苗的茎高最高;MS+1.50 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.30 mg·L-1 2,4...     

超临界CO2萃取在玉米亚油酸提取中应用的研究

采用超临界CO2选择性萃取技术从玉米胚芽中提取亚油酸(LA)。对影响LA提取率的主要因素压力、温度、时间及CO2流量进行研究和分析,并利用气相色谱法(GC)对萃取物中LA进行定性定量分析。通过正交试验优化萃取工艺条件,当萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间100min,CO2流量25L/h时萃取效果最好,此时LA提取率为57.27%。     

Effects of desiccation on <i>Euterpe edulis</i> Martius seeds

Information on desiccation sensitivity of Euterpe edulis seeds under two drying rates is presented. The sensitivity was studied during the course of germination and normal germination. The water content was evaluated for both seeds and embryos. Results showed the following: (a) For both drying treatments and for both germination and normal germination, desiccation sensitivity values were higher for measurements based on the water content of the embryo than for those of the seed. (b) For both drying treatments, desiccation sensitivity were higher for normal germination than for germination based on both the embryo and seed water contents. (c) Under the slow drying treatment and for measurements based on the seed water content, critical water content was visible for normal germination but not for germination; (d) Critical water contents for germination and normal germination were more clearly established in the fast drying treatment than they were in the slow drying method based on both the embryo and seed water contents. Critical water contents were not associated with changes in electrolyte leakage, which suggests that conductivity is not a good indicator of physiological seed quality. From the beginning of both drying treatments, changes in nuclei and vacuoles were observed, but, when seed water content was reduced to below critical values, the cells became severely plasmolyzed, the vacuoles highly distorted, and the nuclei formed an almost homogeneous mass with the chromatin and the nucleoplasm, which suggests irreversible DNA damages.     

线性模型Y＝Xβ＋ε在生物繁殖工程中的应用

应用数理统计的方法,从理论上得出鸡胚蛋血线方向与性别确实有很好的线性相关性,并借助于数学应用软件,采用逐步回归的方法,建立了更简洁,准确率更高的判别函数。     

Brief Note : Improved <i>in vitro</i> embryo development of stenospermic grape by putrescine

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of putrescine, added to the culture medium, on the in vitro development of stenospermic grape (Vitis vinifera L) embryos. The cross breedings of Perlón x G.C88552 and Perlón x Argentina were used. 0 (control), 2 and 4 mM of putrescine were added to the immature seed’s culture medium. In Perlón x Argentina, 2mM of putrescine statistically increased the percentage of total embryos, direct germination, polyembryos and normal plants. In Perlón x G.C88552, only 2 mM of putrescine increased all the variables considered, eventually tripling the percentage of normal plants obtained. The results suggest that the endogenous concentration of putrescine may be a growth limiting factor. Adding putrescine to the culture medium of immature grape seeds is a legitimate resource to significantly increase the results of this technique.     

玉米胚的营养成分及其控制体重、预防心肌病变作用研究

目的:研究玉米胚的营养成分以及对大、小鼠体重、存活率及心脏病变等生长状况的影响。方法:对玉米胚的营养素、微量元素、氨基酸组成进行了分析;用高脂饲料造成鼠类衰老模型,实验组在高脂饲料中加入10%或15%的玉米胚,以Wistar雄性大鼠和瑞士雄性小鼠的长期或终生喂养,观察对比各组鼠类的体重及月别存活率和平均存活率,并对死亡大鼠作病理检查,统计心肌病变率。结果:玉米胚中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、灰份、水分及膳食纤维含量(%)分别为15.2、11.7、52.5、7.0、1.6和12.0,而且含有丰富的维生素与微量元素,其亚油酸与必需氨基酸含量也很高。实验组与高脂模型组比较,大、小鼠体重与心肌病变率极其显著降低(p<0.01),平均存活率明显升高(p<0.01或p<0.05)。结论:玉米胚具有很高的营养价值,可以控制动物体重,预防心肌病变,提高各年龄段的存活率,是丰富的保健食品资源。     

从小麦胚芽蛋白中分离和鉴定血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的研究

用碱性蛋白酶水解小麦胚芽蛋白得到的水解物对血管紧张素转化酶有强的抑制活性(IC50=0.014mg/ml),小麦胚芽蛋白水解物经SephadexG-15纯化、制备RP-HPLC分离,得一对ACE有强烈抑制作用的组分X(IC50=5.46μmol/L),X氨基酸分析、电喷雾质谱确定了X的序列为Ala-Met-Tyr。