塔里木盆地地热场特征与油气

作者在收集了34口井的地温,部分井岩心和能谱测井资料的基础上,对塔里木盆地的地热场进行了研究,编制出盆地地温梯度图和深度分别为1000m、3000m、5000m的地温图。计算出盆地平均地温梯度为19.75℃/km,平均大地热流值为39.19mW/m~2,指出塔里木盆地地热场低于我国中、东部盆地,具“冷盆”性质。叶城凹陷地温梯度小于16℃/km,大地热流值为34.42mW/m~2,是盆内地热场最低之处,与前陆坳陷低地热场之特点一致。作者对塔里木盆地地热场特征进行分析后,得出了塔里木盆地最利于油气两种相态并存的结论。     

CZF90测井中子发生器使用寿命浅谈

Ｃ／Ｏ测井中采用同步测量技术来分析非弹性γ与俘获γ，但在一些ＭＳＩ Ｃ／Ｏ测井中发现非弹性γ的一小部分或一大部分超前于非弹性门而进入俘获门，我们把这一问题叫做“错位”。“错位”使得Ｃ／Ｏ的ＣＩ值不正常，测井曲线不合格。这样的仪器不能用来测井。吉林油田测井公司碳氧比维修班成功地解决了Ｃ／Ｏ仪器“错位”等技术难题，在该油田所使用的ＣＺＦ９０－９４－０９发生器已测井８８口，累计打靶时间２３０ｈ，并且至今     

一类连续时间广义边值系统的能控性和能观性

连续时间广义边值系统被描述为Ｅｘ（ｔ）＝Ａｘ（ｔ）＋Ｂｕ（ｔ），Ｖ０ｘ（０）＋Ｖｒｘ（Ｔ）＝ｖ，其中Ｅ是奇异方阵，ｕ（ｔ）满足任意次可微，本文讨论了一类连续时间广义边值系统的有关向内和向外边值过程的两个重要概念，并在此基础上给出了能控性和能观性定义和判别准则．     

The traditional Yemeni window and natural lighting

The traditional Yemeni window is considered to be one of the most important elements that characterize the yemeni architecture. The beauty of the traditional Yemeni window comes from its four main components which combined the functions of view, lighting, ventilation, protection, and privacy. These functions can be controlled by the occupants according to their social and environmental needs. The four main components are the lower part (Taqah), the fanlight (Qamariyah), the wooden external overhang (Konnah), and the small vent (Shaquos). Since fanlights provide natural lighting during day-time, the area of the lower part can be reduced and its exterior shutters can be closed without the need for artificial lighting. The internal natural lighting that is provided by the upper and lower parts of the window was investigated to see its quality. In this investigation, there were two main goals. The first is the contribution and quality of the internal light provided by the Qamariyah when shutters are closed. The second is the effect of the internal simple white cloth curtains, in the lower part, in the internal light quality. Visual measurements were taken in a typical room of a traditional house of the Old City of Sana'a, Yemen. From the findings, it was found that the fanlights (Qamariyat) provide low and soft homogeneous internal lighting which was as low as 22 lux average. However, the occupants have the ability to increase level of lighting to as high as 600 or 700 lux. This can be done simply by deciding which shutter to open and how many of them to be opened. In this paper, the methodology and findings will be presented and discussed.     

油田开发经济运行质量研究与应用

提出了油田开发经济运行质量的研究方法和技术思路。对胜利油区几种典型的油藏类型进行了经济运行质量评价。以老河口油田桩106块为例，提出了提高油田经济运行质量的三条基本途径，取得了较好的实际应用效果。     

The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil

In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha^–1) were applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989. The experiment continued until the end of 1990.The relationship between lupin seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year.The residual value of superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989.At each harvest, the relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and yields varied only with P concentration in tissue.Bicarbonate-extractable soil P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but varied for different species within years and for each species between years. It also varied for each species within years depending on the year the P was applied.     

基于顾客价值的旅客市场细分研究

为了准确地进行市场营销活动、提高营销组合4P的有效性，以顾客价值理论基础构建了旅客市场细分模型，定量描述了旅客对于交通工具的选择行为。     

Does the use of Solar Home Systems (SHS) contribute to climate protection?

The paper addresses planners and decision-makers in the field of international development cooperation and also institutions concerned with the impacts of project- and technology promotion. The primary aim of the dissemination of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in off grid areas in developing countries is to improve the living conditions of the population in a cost–effective manner. A large-scale dissemination is essential both for significant contributions to development and for climate effectiveness. However, the contribution of SHS to climate protection is disputed. This analysis presents the most important parameters affecting the contribution of SHS to climate protection and quantifies the influence of those parameters. The case considered presupposes the commercial dissemination of SHS. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are affected by the marketing decisions of the supplier of SHS. With regard to the impact on GHG emissions, a comparison is made between traditional lighting with petroleum lamps and the use of dry cell batteries to operate small devices (baseline case) on the one hand and SHSs on the other. The comparison shows GHG savings of around 9 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent GHG emissions within a 20-year period of use of one single 50 Wp SHS compared with the baseline case. The result is robust with respect to variations in GHG-affecting variables. Petroleum consumption and dry cell batteries dominate GHG emissions balances to such an extent that scarcely any importance can be attached to GHG emissions from the transportation and manufacture of SHS. Therefore, it is permissible to use simplified GHG inventories which ignore the GHG emissions arising from the transportation and manufacture of SHS. Therefore the conclusion is, if SHS are commercially disseminated and used cost efficiently to substitute kerosene and dry cell batteries they reduce GHG emissions effectively. In that case SHS can make a significant contribution to climate protection by the dissemination of large numbers.     

A thermochemical concept-based equation to estimate waste combustion enthalpy from elemental composition

Waste combustion is an interesting alternative for waste management and energy recovery. Knowledge of the waste higher heating value (HHV) is important for judging it’s worth as fuel. This work introduces a new equation, based on thermochemical concepts, to calculate HHV from elemental composition. This equation is expressed in terms of mass percentages on a dry basis of carbon (%C), hydrogen (%H), oxygen (%O), nitrogen (%N), and sulfur (%S); the HHV is computed in MJ/kg. The equation is as follows: HHV=(1−(%H₂O/100))(−0.3708(%C)−1.1124(%H)+0.1391(%O)−0.3178(%N)−0.1391(%S)). The thermochemical concept on which this expression is based involves a wide applicability. This equation neglects the inorganic carbon, hence it is not very adequate when there is a significant concentration of it. The predictions from this approach were contrasted against those proceeding from equations currently used in combustion technology, and also against bomb calorimeter data. The new equation is clearly competitive with respect to other formulations, and it can be very helpful for presenting a waste HHV value based on different derivation suppositions.     

基于小波的全局多源遥感图像信息融合方法

提出的图像信息融合方法用于解决传统方法在空间分辨率等方面的不足。原始图像经过小波变换，分解成子图像，再进行分块处理，高、低分辨率图像根据全局方差准则分别计算融合的权值系数，进行图像融合重建，然后，对图像采用全局法进行信息融合，实验表明，方法切实可行，能使低分辨率图像接近于高分辨率图像。