杜仲对异育银鲫肌肉品质和血清SOD、溶菌酶活性的影响

在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲叶和1%杜仲汁饲喂异育银鲫,考察对其肉质及免疫功能的影响.结果表明:对照组、杜仲皮组、杜仲叶组、杜仲汁组异育银鲫肌肉失水率分别为25.17%、21.77%、26.57%和17.80%,肌原纤维长度(反映肌纤维耐折力)分别为288.1、365.7、342.2和307.6 μm,羟脯氨酸含量分别为0.132、0.222、0.168和0.185 mg/g,其中添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲汁可极显著降低肌肉失水率(P＜0.01),提高羟脯氨酸含量(P＜0.05);添加1%杜仲皮、1%杜仲叶可使肌纤维耐折力显著增加(P＜0.05);在血清非特性免疫指标方面,添加1%杜仲叶、1%杜仲汁可提高血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05),但对溶菌酶活性无影响(P＞0.05).     

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Cross-Talk between Sympathetic Neurons and Immune Cells

Cross-talk between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and immune system is vital for health and well-being. Infection, tissue injury and inflammation raise firing rates of sympathetic nerves, increasing their release of norepinephrine (NE) in lymphoid organs and tissues. NE stimulation of β₂-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in immune cells activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) intracellular signaling pathway, a pathway that interfaces with other signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, differentiation, maturation and effector functions in immune cells. Immune–SNS cross-talk is required to maintain homeostasis under normal conditions, to develop an immune response of appropriate magnitude after injury or immune challenge, and subsequently restore homeostasis. Typically, β₂-AR-induced cAMP is immunosuppressive. However, many studies report actions of β₂-AR stimulation in immune cells that are inconsistent with typical cAMP–PKA signal transduction. Research during the last decade in non-immune organs, has unveiled novel alternative signaling mechanisms induced by β₂-AR activation, such as a signaling switch from cAMP–PKA to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. If alternative signaling occurs in immune cells, it may explain inconsistent findings of sympathetic regulation of immune function. Here, we review β₂-AR signaling, assess the available evidence for alternative signaling in immune cells, and provide insight into the circumstances necessary for “signal switching” in immune cells.     

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Is a Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and the specific immune-mediated injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Unique apoptotic feature of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) may contribute to apotope presentation to the immune system, causing unique tissue damage in PBC. Perpetuation of inflammation may result in senescence of BECs, contributing to irreversible loss of bile duct. In addition to the classic liver manifestations, focal inflammation and tissue damage are also seen in salivary glands and urinary tract in a significant proportion of PBC patients. These findings provide potent support to the idea that molecular mimicry may be involved in the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance and mucosal immunity may lead to a systematic epithelitis in PBC patients. Thus, PBC is considered a generalized epithelitis in clinical practice.     

EMS测试系统中的主要设备选型

结合标准和实际测试对EMS测试设备的要求,分别对射频电磁场辐射抗抗度和传导骚扰抗扰度测试系统的主要设备技术指标要求和选型,进行了详细阐述和分析,为如何选择满足用户要求的测试系统提供参考。     

基于71M6511芯片的电能表射频辐射抗扰度试验整改

为解决电能表射频辐射抗扰度试验难以通过的问题,在对一款基于71M6511芯片的单相多功能电子式电能表进行试验,诊断分析并整改成功的基础上,总结提出一些针对性的解决方案,对于拓展电能表企业生产和设计思路,提高电能表产品质量,增强电能表运行的可靠性,具有重要的现实意义。     

基于多特征的语音端点检测技术研究

针对传统的端点检测技术,如基于能量、过零率等方法,在低信噪比噪声环境下检测性能急剧下降的问题,根据汉语语音发音的特点,提出了一种新的检测方法,该方法结合了Mel频率倒谱系数（MFCC）和能量、过零率、频带方差等多个语音特征。基于多特征融合的模糊判决二次搜索端点检测方法,能有效减少清音、拖尾音的截断,提高端点检测的精度,并对噪声环境具有一定的自适应性。实验结果表明,即使在低信噪比条件下,该方法仍具有较高的准确性。     

长江防洪模型大厅结构损伤免疫力及换索分析

将空间网格结构在局部破坏的情况下抗连续性倒塌的能力定义为空间网格结构损伤免疫力。通过对长江防洪模型大厅拱支预应力网架结构的损伤免疫力分析,查明该结构在各种局部损伤情况下所产生的相继破坏的范围。分析结果表明,跨中上下弦杆、跨中节点、支座节点等处于主要传力路径上的构件或节点损伤免疫力相对较小,失效后将产生一定范围的相继破坏,这些部位是结构的薄弱环节。分析为以最小代价提高该结构体系的可靠度提供了指导。     

抗体阻断表面黏附分子DNAM-1和LFA-1对人自然杀伤细胞肿瘤杀伤活性的抑制作用

目的探讨抗体阻断表面黏附分子DNAM-1和LFA-1对体外扩增的人自然杀伤(Natural killer,NK)细胞的肿瘤杀伤活性的影响。方法体外活化人外周血单个核细胞来源的NK细胞,并检测其表面黏附分子DNAM-1和LFA-1的表达水平;通过Trans-well阻隔试验,阻断NK细胞与靶细胞接触,考察细胞-细胞直接接触对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响;通过NK细胞毒性试验,引入抗DNAM-1单克隆抗体和抗LFA-1单克隆抗体,阻断相应信号途径,考察相关黏附分子在NK细胞肿瘤杀伤过程中的作用。结果体外活化的NK细胞高表达表面黏附分子DNAM-1和LFA-1。阻断NK细胞与靶细胞接触,NK细胞的肿瘤杀伤效应大大降低。应用单克隆抗体阻断DNAM-1或LFA-1信号途径,可显著降低NK细胞肿瘤的杀伤效应;联合阻断DNAM-1和LFA-1信号途径,可进一步降低NK的细胞杀伤效应。结论细胞-细胞间直接接触是NK细胞发挥肿瘤杀伤效应的重要机制,表面黏附分子DNAM-1和LFA-1介导的信号途径对维持NK细胞肿瘤杀伤活性具有重要意义。     

纳洛酮对大鼠中重度创伤性脑损伤后细胞免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的：通过观察大鼠创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury,TBI）后纳洛酮治疗前后血浆β-EP、CD4＋、CD8＋和IL-2的动态变化,探讨纳洛酮对大鼠TBI后细胞免疫功能变化的影响及作用机制。方法：采用气体冲击致大鼠中重度脑损伤模型;流式细胞术、RIA、ELISA检测血液中CD4＋、CD8＋、β-EP、IL-2的变化。结果：TBI大鼠经纳洛酮治疗后,血浆中CD4＋和IL-2含量升高,β-EP和CD8＋则降低。大、小剂量纳洛酮治疗在相应时间点比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：纳洛酮可通过降低TBI大鼠血浆中β-EP,调节TBI后应激紊乱,竞争性抑制β-EP对免疫细胞受体的作用,从而使CD4＋、CD8＋和IL-2水平趋于正常,恢复免疫平衡,起到治疗与保护作用。