三种果蔬发酵液抗氧化和免疫调节功能研究

对比研究A、B、C三种果蔬发酵液产品的抗氧化能力和免疫调节能力。采用偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AAPH)诱导的HepG2细胞氧化应激模型评价三种发酵液产品对细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)的影响,应用刀豆蛋白A(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠T/B淋巴细胞,检测其增殖能力,应用LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,检测其吞噬能力和NO释放量。结果表明:三种果蔬发酵液具有较强的降低细胞内ROS含量的能力,果蔬发酵液A可使胞内ROS含量降低至55%;三种果蔬发酵液可提高淋巴细胞的增殖能力和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,促进NO释放,在稀释倍数为104时果蔬发酵液A处理组NO释放量最高(4.06μmol/L)。三种果蔬发酵液具有较好的抗氧化活性和增强免疫的功能。     

Heat treatment of colostrum at 60°C decreases colostrum immunoglobulins but increases serum immunoglobulins and serum total protein: A meta-analysis

Calves are born hypogammaglobulinemic; thus, the newborn calf's immune defense relies on the ingestion and absorption of colostrum, which provides energy, immunoglobulins, immune cells, and cytokines to the newborn calf. A heat treatment applied to colostrum for 60 min at 60°C has been found to be effective at reducing the total bacterial count while preserving the colostrum IgG levels. The objective of this work was to perform a meta-analysis on the association between the characteristics of heat-treated colostrum and the concentration of colostrum IgG, serum IgG concentration, and serum total protein (STP). A meta-analysis was carried out based on existing peer-reviewed literature. Publications comparing colostrum IgG, serum IgG, and STP for heat-treated or raw frozen colostrum were included. The different heating temperatures applied to the colostrum were divided into 2 subgroups: high temperature (HT; >60°C) and low temperature (LT; ≤60°C). Twelve studies, including 21 trials, met the inclusion criteria for colostrum IgG concentration. The results indicated decreases in colostrum IgG by 20.6 g/L [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.8–29.4] for HT and 5.38 g/L (95% CI = 2.9–7.8) for LT when colostrum was heat-treated compared with raw or frozen colostrum. Heterogeneity was high to moderate (I² = 82% for HT and 65% for LT). The heat treatment of colostrum was also associated with a nonsignificant decrease in serum IgG by 3.40 g/L for HT (95% CI = 7.54–0.74) but a significant increase in serum IgG by 2.65 g/L for LT (95% CI = 1.51–3.79). The regression model indicated that heterogeneity was not explained by any moderators. The heat treatment of colostrum was also associated with a significant increase in STP by 0.21 g/dL for LT (95% CI = 0.07–0.35). In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that the heat treatment of colostrum ≤60°C decreased colostrum IgG by 5.38 g/L for LT and increased serum IgG by 2.65 g/L and STP by 0.21 g/dL. When compared with the range of values observed in the field for serum IgG, the present results are of high interest for the cattle industry. Because immune colostrum benefits also include cytokines and immune cells, further work is required to evaluate the effect of colostrum heat treatment on these 2 immune components of colostrum.     

3 种乳制品对低免疫力模型斑马鱼免疫功能的影响

目的：研究3 种乳制品对长春瑞滨（一种半合成的长春花生物碱）诱导的低免疫力斑马鱼免疫功能的调节作用。方法：分别给斑马鱼静脉注射0.2 mg/mL酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液诱导低免疫力模型,按照随机法将斑马鱼随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、低温酸奶组（8 333 μg/mL）、常温纯牛奶组（70.4 μL/mL）、冷冻酸奶冰淇淋组（33 333 μg/mL）,每组30 尾。利用荧光显微镜观察并分析3 种乳制品对低免疫力斑马鱼的巨噬细胞数量、巨噬细胞吞噬功能,以及T淋巴细胞数量的影响。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型对照组巨噬细胞数量显著降低、巨噬细胞吞噬功能减弱、T细胞数量高度显著降低（P＜0.001）。与模型对照组比较,给予低温酸奶、常温纯牛奶和冷冻酸奶冰淇淋后巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞的数量均显著增加（P＜0.05、P＜0.01和P＜0.001）;常温纯牛奶和冷冻酸奶冰淇淋均能显著增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力（P＜0.05）,低温酸奶对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的无显著促进作用。与低温酸奶比较,常温纯牛奶巨噬细胞数量显著提高（P＜0.05）,但T细胞数量和巨噬细胞吞噬功能无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;冷冻酸奶冰淇淋组巨噬细胞数量、T淋巴细胞数量、巨噬细胞吞噬功能均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：低温酸奶、常温纯牛奶和冷冻酸奶冰淇淋可以通过增加巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞的数量,改善巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,从而提高长春瑞滨诱发的低免疫力斑马鱼的免疫功能。     

植物发酵液对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化活性研究

本文采用D-半乳糖皮下注射处理小鼠构建衰老动物模型,分别以不同性别小鼠血清和肝脏中三个特征性抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力及MDA含量作为评价指标,分析了植物发酵液(酵素)样品对衰老模型小鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响,结果表明,与模型组比较,灌胃剂量为1.5 m L/kg的酵素样品组能显著提高模型小鼠(雌性和雄性)中血清和肝脏中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px等抗氧化酶的活力,并降低MDA含量水平。同时,本文以脾脏指数、胸腺指数为指标初步评估酵素样品对小鼠体内免疫力的影响,结果显示灌胃剂量为0.24 m L/kg和0.6 m L/kg的酵素样品组都能适当提高小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数。综合上述结果可知,本研究所述植物发酵液(酵素)样品具有良好的增强体内抗氧化活性作用,具有预防衰老的功效,并可能具备潜在的增强免疫力作用。     

红毛藻多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节机理

本研究以环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）诱导的免疫力低下小鼠为模型,探究红毛藻多糖（Bangia fusco-purpurea polysaccharides,BFP）对免疫抑制小鼠免疫力的影响。结果表明,BFP干预能够显著提高免疫抑制小鼠自然杀伤细胞活性、巨噬细胞吞噬能力和清除碳颗粒能力;增强T淋巴细胞增殖作用,上调CD4＋ T细胞比例,降低CD8＋ T细胞比例并增加CD4＋/CD8＋,降低辅助性T细胞17和CD3－CD19＋ B细胞的比例;提高血清溶血素、免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin,Ig）A和IgG、免疫相关细胞因子白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-2、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（interferon-γ,INF-γ）的质量浓度,对免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫、细胞免疫及体液免疫均具有良好的调节作用。在明确BFP对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能具有保护作用的基础上,分析其对免疫抑制小鼠肠道相关免疫细胞表面受体的影响,发现BFP能够显著或极显著下调Toll样受体（Toll-like receptor,TLR）2、TLR4、IL-6和TNF-α基因（P＜0.05）和蛋白（P＜0.01）的表达,推测BFP通过TLR2/TLR4下游相关信号通路调节轴发挥增强免疫力的功能。本研究可为深入认识海洋食品的营养价值,推进海洋食品在居民膳食中的应用提供科学依据。     

酵母培养物与抗生素对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响

试验采用1日龄海兰褐蛋用雏鸡400只,随机分成5个组(Ⅰ~Ⅴ组),每个组设4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为试验组,其中Ⅱ~Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的酵母培养物,Ⅴ组添加抗生素,试验期5周。结果表明,在蛋雏鸡日粮中添加0.3%的酵母培养物具有增强雏鸡生产性能和免疫机能的作用,且酵母培养物可以替代抗生素。     

丁酸的生理功能研究进展

丁酸是一种重要的短链脂肪酸,是结肠细胞重要的能量来源,可控制细胞增殖,具有多种生理功能。近年来大量研究表明,丁酸有促进肠道发育、维持肠道功能与健康、增强机体免疫性能、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功能,但目前对于丁酸生理功能的研究多停留在利用动物模型或细胞进行单独研究的阶段。本文从肠道组织功能与健康、物质代谢、免疫功能、肿瘤细胞等几个方面综述了丁酸功能的研究进展,并进行了展望,旨在为丁酸的进一步研究与应用提供思路。     

Automating procedures for processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cell-mediated immune responses have been found to play a crucial role in the protection from, or amelioration of, many human diseases. There are many vaccine trials being conducted where the most important immune assessment consists of measuring T cell responses. The most readily accessible source of T cells is the peripheral blood. Thus, collection, processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are all key steps for assessment of vaccine and disease-induced immune responses. Automation of these procedures is not currently practiced widely. This article reviews current practices and explores the need for automation.     

Almost Boolean Functions: The Design of Boolean Functions by Spectral Inversion

The design of Boolean functions with properties of cryptographic significance is a hard task. In this paper, we adopt an unorthodox approach to the design of such functions. Our search space is the set of functions that possess the required properties. It is "Boolean-ness" that is evolved.     

相关免疫研究的矩阵方法

本文用矩阵和汉明重量相结合的方法给出了相关免疫研究的一种新的赏试。