直线运动滚动导轨副混合润滑研究

综合考虑了直线运动导轨副接触几何、预紧力、真实表面粗糙度、曲率系数等因素,建立了直线运动导轨副混合润滑数值模型,研究了滑块移动速度、曲率半径系数、工作载荷、表面粗糙度对导轨接触副润滑特性的影响,得到结论:导轨副法向工作载荷、最大赫兹接触压力和赫兹接触半径随着外加总载荷的增大而增大,平均膜厚随着载荷的增大而减小;混合润滑模型可预测导轨副在大范围工况条件下完整的润滑状态;直线运动导轨大多工作在混合润滑状态下,随着滑块移动速度的增加,接触界面由边界润滑状态向混合润滑状态转变,润滑性能逐渐提高;适当增加曲率半径系数,有利于润滑油膜的形成与稳定。     

Estimating underground mine ventilation friction factors from low density 3D data acquired by a moving LiDAR

Ventilation system analysis for underground mines has remained mostly unchanged since the Atkinson method was made popular by Mc Elroy in 1935. Data available to ventilation technicians and engineers is typically limited to the quantity of air moving through any given heading. Because computer-aided modelling, simulation, and ventilation system design tools have improved, it is now important to ensure that developed models have the most accurate information possible. This paper presents a new technique for estimating underground drift friction factors that works by processing 3 D point cloud data obtained by using a mobile Li DAR. Presented are field results that compare the proposed approach with previously published algorithms, as well as with manually acquired measurements.     

Effects of developmental stage,cold acclimation and diet on the cold tolerance of three species of Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Flat grain beetles (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are common stored-product insect pests in Canada, infesting cereals in grain bins, equipment and end products in flour mills. We studied the cold tolerance of the three most common flat grain beetles: Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes turcicus and Cryptolestes pusillus, by measuring the survival at −10 °C and supercooling point (SCP) for different life stages (egg, young larva, old larva, pupa and adult) reared on flour mixed with brewer’s yeast. Probit analysis was used to estimate the lethal time for 50 and 95% mortality. This was done with non-acclimated individuals (only held at 30 °C) or cold-acclimated individuals (held at 18, 10 and 5 °C, for 1 week/temperature). In general, adults were the most cold-hardy stage for each of the species. Acclimated insects were anywhere from no increase in cold tolerance to 14-fold more cold-tolerant than the corresponding non-acclimated stage and species. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was most cold-tolerant species (58 d at −10 °C to reach 95% mortality for acclimated adult), C. turcicus was the next most cold-tolerant, (39 d) and C. pusillus was the least cold-tolerant (11 d). The cold tolerance of adults reared on three diets was measured both for acclimated and non-acclimated insects. The adults reared on grain diet (whole wheat kernels, cracked wheat kernels and wheat germ (90:5:5 mass ratio) were the most cold-tolerant, adults reared on white-wheat flour and brewer’s yeast diet (95:5 mass ratio) had the next highest cold tolerance followed by the adults reared on 100% white-wheat flour. Supercooling point (SCP) of insects ranged from −20.6 to −26.7 °C. In general, acclimated insects had slightly lower SCP than non-acclimated insects.     

喷气燃料冰点试验出现悬浮物的探讨

某公司加氢裂化装置生产的喷气燃料在冰点试验时发现了悬浮物，并且悬浮物在回温过程中消失。虽然通过调整原料中催化裂化柴油（简称催化柴油）、外购原料、常三线柴油的掺炼情况，减少原料中芳烃及正构烷烃的含量，但是在冰点试验时依然发现了悬浮物；其次，通过调整反应深度和分馏塔分离效果（喷气燃料馏程），以及对影响喷气燃料质量的其他因素进行排查，仍然未找到出现悬浮物的原因；最后通过化验分析方法排查发现，在干燥环境（没有湿空气的影响）下进行喷气燃料冰点试验时，可以避免产生絮状物，说明空气中的水是喷气燃料冰点试验中产生絮状物的直接原因。因此，在进行喷气燃料冰点试验时要采取措施隔绝水分。     

Dynamic reorder point replenishment strategies for a capacitated supply chain with seasonal demand

Managing inventory and service levels in a capacitated supply chain environment with seasonal demand requires appropriate selection and readjustment of replenishment decision variables. This study focuses on the dynamic adjustment of decision variables within supply chains using continuous-review reorder point (ROP) replenishment. A framework is proposed to adjust reorder points and lot sizes based on optimal settings within different regions of a seasonal demand cycle. This framework also includes the optimal timing of adjustments defining these regions. A discrete-event simulation model of a simple, capacity-constrained supply chain is developed and simulation–optimization experiments are performed, the objective being to minimize the total supply chain inventory subject to a target delivery service level. The performance of ROP systems with optimal static and optimal dynamic decision variable settings are compared using two different seasonal demand patterns. The results confirm that performance with dynamic decision variable adjustment is better. For a given delivery service level, average work-in-process inventory levels are almost the same for both systems. However average finished goods inventory levels decrease significantly and are more stable under dynamic adjustment. The practical implication is that both finished goods holding costs and maximum storage capacity requirements are reduced.     

An analytical-numerical approach for parameter determination of a five-parameter single-diode model of photovoltaic cells and modules

Parameter extraction of the five-parameter single-diode model of solar cells and modules from experimental data is a challenging problem. These parameters are evaluated from a set of nonlinear equations that cannot be solved analytically. On the other hand, a numerical solution of such equations needs a suitable initial guess to converge to a solution. This paper presents a new set of approximate analytical solutions for the parameters of a five-parameter single-diode model of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules. The proposed solutions provide a good initial point which guarantees numerical analysis convergence. The proposed technique needs only a few data from the PV current-voltage characteristics, i.e. open circuit voltage V_oc, short circuit current I_sc and maximum power point current and voltage I_m; V_m making it a fast and low cost parameter determination technique. The accuracy of the presented theoretical I–V curves is verified by experimental data.     

Investigation on the pinch point position in heat exchangers

The pinch point is important for analyzing heat transfer in thermodynamic cycles.With the aim to reveal the importance of determining the accurate pinch point,the research on the pinch point position is carried out by theoretical method.The results show that the pinch point position depends on the parameters of the heat transfer fluids and the major fluid properties.In most cases,the pinch point locates at the bubble point for the evaporator and the dew point for the condenser.However,the pinch point shifts to the supercooled liquid state in the near critical conditions for the evaporator.Similarly,it shifts to the superheated vapor state with the condensing temperature approaching the critical temperature for the condenser.It even can shift to the working fluid entrance of the evaporator or the supercritical heater when the heat source fluid temperature is very high compared with the absorbing heat temperature.A wrong position for the pinch point may generate serious mistake.In brief,the pinch point should be founded by the iterative method in all conditions rather than taking for granted.     

Adaptive set‐point regulation of discrete‐time nonlinear systems

In this paper, adaptive set‐point regulation controllers for discrete‐time nonlinear systems are constructed. The system to be controlled is assumed to have a parametric uncertainty, and an excitation signal is used in order to obtain the parameter estimate. The proposed controller belongs to the category of indirect adaptive controllers, and its construction is based on the policy of calculating the control input rather than that of obtaining a control law. The proposed method solves the adaptive set‐point regulation problem under the assumption that the target state is reachable for each fixed parameter value. Additional feature of the proposed method is that Lyapunov‐like functions have not been used in the construction of the controllers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of micellar extraction and cloud point preconcentration for valorization of saponins from sisal (Agave sisalana) waste

Sisal (Agave sisalana) is the main hard fiber produced worldwide, with an estimated generation of 400 thousands t in 2011. From its leaves, only the hard fibers, which represent 3–5% of their weight, are removed. The remaining 95–97% is referred to as sisal waste and contains steroidal saponins that can be potentially used in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals formulations, as well as for soil bioremediation. The present work aimed at to evaluate strategies for the extraction and concentration of saponins from sisal waste, focused on the use of clean solvents, such as water and ethanol. For this purpose, it was firstly performed a central composite rotatable design for the optimization of the extraction conditions followed by a comparison of this strategy with other methods (Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction and micellar extraction). Cloud point preconcentration was then tested, using several types and concentrations of salts. The use of orbital shaker extraction (200 rpm) with an ethanolic solution (30%, v/v) at 50 °C, a mass/volume ratio sisal/solvent of 0.17 (g/mL) for 4 h allowed a recovery of 38.6% of the saponins. When a micellar extraction strategy using 7.5% (v/v) of Triton X-100, under the above-mentioned conditions was performed, saponins recovery raised to 98.4%. In a subsequent step, the addition of 20% (m/v) sodium carbonate led to a preconcentration factor of 20.3. The best adsorbent for Triton removal from the preconcentrated solution was Amberlite FPX-66. The process strategy proposed in the present study showed to be efficient for saponins extraction and preconcentration from a low-cost, highly available agricultural waste.     

基于Spider卷积的三维点云分类与分割网络

针对传统的卷积神经网络（CNN）不能直接处理点云数据，需先将点云数据转换为多视图或者体素化网格，导致过程复杂且点云识别精度低的问题，提出一种新型的点云分类与分割网络Linked-Spider CNN。首先，在Spider CNN基础上通过增加Spider卷积层数以获取点云深层次特征；其次，引入残差网络的思想在每层Spider卷积增加短连接构成残差块；然后，将每层残差块的输出特征进行拼接融合形成点云特征；最后，使用三层全连接层对点云特征进行分类或者利用多层卷积层对点云特征进行分割。在ModelNet40和ShapeNet Parts数据集上将所提网络与PointNet、PointNet++和Spider CNN等网络进行对比实验，实验结果表明，所提网络可以提高点云的分类精度和分割效果，说明该网络具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。