植物油制备生物柴油的研究

分别以菜籽油、大豆油以及芸香籽油为原料，采用碱催化酯交换法制备了脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。结果表明，用碱催化酯交换法制备脂肪酸甲酯，原料的酸价低于1．5mgKOH／g时能够保证较高的脂肪酸甲酯收率，采用酸催化预酯化法对高酸价的油脂原料进行脱酸效果比较显著。浓硫酸不仅是油脂预酯化脱酸反应的催化剂，也是油脂与甲醇进行酯交换反应的催化剂，但与甲醇钠等碱性催化剂相比，相同条件下的酯交换反应转化率低。采用减压蒸馏的方法提纯生物柴油，在0．098MPa的真空度下应控制其馏出温度不超过240℃。     

In situ esterification of rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol

In situ esterifications of high-acidity rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst were investigated. In the esterification with methanol, all free fatty acids (FFA) dissolved in methanol were interesterified within 15 min, and it was possible to obtain nearly pure methyl esters. The amount of methyl esters obtained from a given rice bran was dependent on the FFA content of the rice bran oil. In the esterification with ethanol, it was not possible to obtain pure esters as in methanol esterification, because the solubilities of oil components in ethanol were much higher than those in methanol.     

RMT测井解释方法研究

油藏监测仪(RMT)是目前各种碳氧比测井仪器中计数率和测量精度最高的一种新型的测井仪器。本研究从碳氧比能谱测井基本原理出发,对RMT测井仪器结构、测井解释基本原理、数据记录格式以及测井解释方法进行了深入的研究,通过解编RMT测井记录的原始数据曲线,采用寻峰、加权最小二乘法等数学物理方法对原始谱进行了谱漂移校正,建立了RMT测井求解饱和度的数学模型。并在FORWARD测井解释平台下对现场RMT实测资料的处理结果与取心及其他测试结果的比较分析,表明所建立的解释模型和处理方法切实可行,测井解释符合率高。     

白油W/O/W型多重乳状液的稳定性研究

以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,用显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳化剂的HLB值、质量分数、亲油亲水乳化剂体积比及油水的相比等对白油W/O/W型多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响。结果表明单一乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:乳液中乳化剂质量分数为12.2%,V(Span80)/V(Tween80)=7.5;适合多重乳液稳定的油水相比为:第一相体积比为2.5,第二相体积比为0.2。复合乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:第一相乳化剂的HLB值为6.5,V(复合乳化剂)/V(Tween80)=27.5,乳液中乳化剂质量分数为9.5%。     

气化炉油气掺烧技术探讨

简要叙述了九江合成氨装置五通道气化烧嘴掺烧干气试验过程，实践证明渣油掺烧干气工艺是可行的。通过对掺烧干气试验结果的理论分析，渣油雾滴的减小和雾化角的减小。使燃烧区上移，在保证渣油充分燃烧的前提下，减少火焰对气化炉壁的冲蚀，会有效增加装置运行周期。     

气浮塔处理含油废水的研究

在实验研究的基础上，结合单级气浮技术和多级板式塔理论，开发出两级气浮塔处理含油废水的新工艺，实现了塔釜一次曝气、多级气浮的分离。实验研究了气浮塔板的流体力学性能、布气性能及操作条件对废水处理效率的影响，结果表明二级气浮塔处理效果很好，是一种具有良好应用前景的新型含油废水处理装置。     

广西产山苍子油的GC-MS分析

利用GC MS联用仪 ,对广西产山苍子油进行了分析 ,共分离出 37个峰 ,鉴定了其中 31个化学成分 ,占总含量的 94 .15 %。其主要成分为α 柠檬醛、β 柠檬醛、柠檬烯、甲基庚烯酮、β 芳樟醇、月桂烯、α 蒎烯、β 蒎烯、α 松油醇、桧烯、β 石竹烯等。并对三个产地不同的样品进行了比较     

Effects of silicone oil and polymeric modifiers on the mechanical properties of highly filled LLDPE

The effects of coupling agents, silicone oil, and three types of polymeric modifiers on the mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites highly filled with aluminium hydroxide [Al(OH)₃] were studied. Polymeric modifiers that contain polar groups, such as silane‐grafted polyethylene (Si‐g‐PE) and acrylic‐acid‐grafted ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (AA‐g‐EVA), improve the mechanical properties dramatically, while nonpolar modifiers improve them to some extent. When Al(OH)₃ was treated using a titanate coupling agent, the silicone oil increased the impact strength and elongation at break of the LLDPE/Al(OH)₃ composites. Introduction of a polymeric modifier containing polar groups destroys the beneficial effects of silicone oil on film mechanical properties, while the introduction of a nonpolar elastomeric polymeric modifier retains the high impact strength and elongation at break. SEM analyses provide the indirect evidence of the encapsulation of silicone oil around the filler. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 121–128, 2002     

稀土化合物用作润滑油极压抗磨剂研究进展

综述了稀土化合物作为润滑油极压抗磨剂应用的研究进展。根据已发表的研究结果，包括含磷和无磷稀土有机化合物以及纳米稀土无机化合物的许多稀土化合物能非常有效地改进润滑油的极压抗磨性能，其中不少品种甚至具有比传统高效极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）更高的性能，因此，有希望发展成为一类可克服ZDDP局限性的新型低磷、无磷高效润滑油极压抗磨剂。     

Separation of crude palm oil components by semipreparative supercritical fluid chromatography

Successful separation of triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherol, and tocotrienols from crude palm oil has been achieved by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a combination of a C18 and a silica gel column. The separation was carried out by the programmed extraction elution method. Free fatty acids were separated into five components by gas-liquid chromatography; tocopherol and tocotrienols were also separated into four components by SFC analysis, and the pure fractionated carotenes were obtained by preparative SFC. Thus, by using supercritical fluid chromatography, crude palm oil components can be separated and fractionated, based on differences in their functional groups.