Response of captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to different housing conditions: Testing the aggression-density and coping models.

Several studies have suggested that primates react differently to spatial reduction. In this article, the authors tested some general hypotheses on primate response to spatial reduction by studying the Apenheul lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla; Apeldoorn, the Netherlands). The frequency of conflicts did not greatly change between the 2 housing settings, thus not supporting the density- aggression model. Indoor, gorillas performed touching behavior more often and increased their level of reconciliation. These findings support the coping model. Indoor, the gorillas also maintained broader interindividual distances by increasing the levels of sitting alone, avoidance, and dismissing behaviors. In conclusion, the Apenheul gorillas modified selectively the distribution of some patterns typical of their behavioral repertoire in response to a high-density condition. Both avoidance and coping tactics were used, thus revealing high levels of behavioral flexibility in this species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ensuring primary realization of pressure unit in the vacuum range without typically utilized static expansion system

After the break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1993 the primary metrological standards authority almost fully remained in Slovakia. So we had to build our primary vacuum metrology anew. But we could do it using uptodate techniques that are more effective and they enable us to fulfil our task more effectively and in a shorter time.The steady demand to widen the lower pressure range and a steady demand for maximal accuracy collide with the financial possibilities open to a small country. So it is impossible to follow the classical pattern for the vacuum standards: liquid columns, static expansion system and dynamic expansion system. But it is possible to utilize contemporary progress in construction of piston manometers. This enables us to discard liquid column and static expansion techniques in favour of piston technique [Tesar J, Prazak D. Vacuum 2002; 67: 311, Tesar J, Prazak D, Krajicek Z. In:Proceedings of international symposium on Pressure and Vacuum, 2003. p. 169, Tesar J, Repa P, Prazak D, Krajicek Z, Peksa L. Vacuum 2004; 76: 491.]. Such system fulfils all the needs of a little industrial country and is economically acceptable.     

Strategic appraisal of energy models for Mozambique

The needs that an energy supply system must meet are constantly changing, due to technological, social and political reasons. Effective energy planning is a dynamic process that is repeated periodically and adjusts to changing conditions. Energy decision makers and planners are no longer able to rely on inductive decision making since they have to investigate the effect of various decision parameters and possible future changes. To help in this process, models have been developed where estimates of future load growth, candidate power plants, fuels and other key factors can be introduced, from which the planners can evaluate decision parameters and the available alternatives. The paper presents the different methodologies and practices that are used by 11 energy models for energy demand forecasting, supply side management and generation expansion planning, demand side management and integrated resource planning. The paper concludes to the presentation of a strategic appraisal of the examined energy models appropriate for energy planning in Mozambique. Three models are proposed for conducting demand forecasting, generation expansion planning and demand side management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contributions of Oral and Extraoral Facial Movement to Visual and Audiovisual Speech Perception.

Seeing a talker's face influences auditory speech recognition, but the visible input essential for this influence has yet to be established. Using a new seamless editing technique, the authors examined effects of restricting visible movement to oral or extraoral areas of a talking face. In Experiment 1, visual speech identification and visual influences on identifying auditory speech were compared across displays in which the whole face moved, the oral area moved, or the extraoral area moved. Visual speech influences on auditory speech recognition were substantial and unchanging across whole-face and oral-movement displays. However, extraoral movement also influenced identification of visual and audiovisual speech. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that these results are dependent on intact and upright facial contexts, but only with extraoral movement displays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of Ni Interlayers on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V/(WC-Co) Friction Welds

Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding of Ti6Al4V base material to three cemented carbide substrates. The fracture strength of Ti6Al4V/(WC-6 wt% Co) welds were poor and were markedly improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding. These results were only produced when the (WC-6 wt% Co) cermet was electroplated prior to friction welding. When the Ti6Al4V alloy was electroplated prior to friction welding, fractured WC particles and cracking were observed in the (WC-Co) carbide substrate. The fracture strengths of Ti6Al4V/(WC-11 wt% Co) and Ti6Al4V/(WC-24 wt% Co) welds were not improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to friction welding. During mechanical testing, the Ni layer retained at the dissimilar joint interface created a region of weakness.     

弱导光纤的标量衍射光束特性分析

仿照罗兰圆光学系统构造罗兰球光学系统 ,在罗兰球中简化电磁波的瑞利 索末菲标量衍射积分公式 ,推导出折射率阶跃分布的弱导光纤LP模衍射场分布和空间频谱的计算公式。提出LP0 1模远场衍射分布存在类似于平面波圆孔夫琅禾费衍射艾里斑的中央亮斑概念 ,并给出中央亮斑角半宽度的计算公式。     

A Detection-Theoretic Model of Echo Inhibition.

A detection-theoretic analysis of the auditory localization of dual-impulse stimuli is described, and a model for the processing of spatial cues in the echo pulse is developed. Although for over 50 years "echo suppression" has been the topic of intense theoretical and empirical study within the hearing sciences, only a rudimentary understanding of its mechanisms has emerged. In this article, psychometric functions and results from matching studies are used in developing a model that specifies the perceived position of the echo pulse as a normal deviate, with an expectation that is a logistic function of the echo delay and a variance that depends on interaural time difference. Loss of information in the echo event is quantified as a decline in the efficiency with which the binaural system receives information from the lag impulse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

数字化管道现状及发展趋势

介绍了数字管道的技术背景、社会背景和数字化管道的概念,讨论了构建数字管道的 4S技术及系统组成:航空航天遥感(RS)技术、数据收集系统(DCS)、全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)。阐述了数字化管道建设的意义,指出在信息化社会下建设数字化管道,将会提高管道行业的核心竞争力,是我国管道建设的必由之路。     

利用机载SAR图像仿真星载SAR图像

简要介绍了现有的SAR图像仿真方法,提出了一种利用机载SAR图像进行星载SAR图像仿真的方法,对仿真原理进行了阐述,着重研究了图像几何特性、空间分辨率、噪声特性、辐射特性仿真的数学模型及设计流程,最后进行了计算机仿真。结果分析表明得到的仿真图像具有较高的逼真度,该星载SAR图像仿真方法是有效的。     

尺度目标识别中的若干技术问题

从工程应用的角度阐述了现代鱼雷常用的尺度目标识别原理，讨论了影响识别距离的若干因素和措施，提出了小尺度模拟靶通过亮点延时算法以弥补尺度不足及其试验技术，试验结果表明，该方法可以获得良好效果。