高浓度乳化酸体系研究与应用

针对塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层的特性 ,筛选出了适合于酸压作业的乳化酸外相介质、乳化剂 ,确定了具有良好热稳定性和缓速效果的酸液配方 ,形成了相应的乳化酸酸压工艺技术 ,在塔河油田奥陶系储层改造中应用获得了较好的增产效果     

涂料树脂的乳化

叙述了SAD和油/水比在乳化中的作用。     

固体微粒对溶剂萃取界面乳化的影响

研究了铜溶剂萃取时，萃原液中固体微粒含量对分相和界面乳化的影响。研究表明，固体微粒有促进界面乳化形成和稳定的作用，当萃原液为不含固体微粒的纯净水相时，萃取不产生界面乳化现象；随固体微粒含量增加，分相时间延长，界面乳化程度加重。认为固体微粒稳定乳化液的机制为降低乳化液滴粒度和缩小粒度分布区间，在液滴界面形成坚固固体膜，以微粒絮团的方式填充于液滴间隙中，阻断液滴接触并聚结破坏。     

Comparison of fuel properties and emission characteristics of two- and three-phase emulsions prepared by ultrasonically vibrating and mechanically homogenizing emulsification methods

Emulsions have long been considered as an alternative fuel for combustion equipment in order to achieve better fuel economy and pollution reduction. While a mechanical homogenizing method is frequently used to prepare emulsions, the use of an ultrasonic emulsification method to do so is still rather limited, and is mostly applied to two-phase emulsions only. Hence, two-phase W/O and three-phase O/W/O emulsions, prepared by a mechanical homogenizer and an ultrasonic vibrator, respectively, were prepared and used as engine fuel. The emulsion properties, engine performance, and engine emission characteristics between these two emulsification methods were measured and compared. The potential of the ultrasonic emulsification method was also evaluated. The experimental results show that the emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic vibrator appeared to have more favorable emulsification characteristics such as smaller dispersed water droplets that were distributed more uniformly in the continuous oil phase, lower separation rate of water droplets from the continuous phase of diesel fuel and thus a lower separating rate of the dispersed water droplets from the emulsion, larger emulsion stability, and larger emulsion viscosity than the emulsions produced using a mechanical homogenizer. In addition, a larger content of water was emulsified when the emulsion was prepared using the ultrasonic vibrator than the mechanical homogenizer. The emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic vibrator also had a lower fuel consumption rate, lower bsfc, and significantly lower CO emission while at the same time having a larger black smoke opacity. When comparing the two-phase W/O and the three-phase O/W/O emulsions prepared by either the ultrasonic vibrator or the mechanical homogenizer, the two-phase W/O emulsions appeared to have a lower fuel consumption rate, bsfc, CO, and a lower black smoke opacity than the three-phase O/W/O emulsions, regardless of whether they were prepared by ultrasonic vibrator or mechanical homogenizer.     

正交实验法确定乙丙装置水洗单元的最佳工艺条件

在乙丙橡胶后处理步骤的水洗过程中胶液难于分相,乙丙橡胶己烷溶液相与水相分界边缘较浑浊,胶液提取困难。作者通过水凝聚正交实验法进行了包括温度、水相pH值、m（胶）：m（水）、搅拌速度等因素条件的正交筛选实验,确定了最佳的水洗条件。     

Surface Activities of Three Anionic Gemini Surfactants Derived from Cyanuric Chloride: Effect of a Branched Hydrophobic Chain

Sodium 4,6-(2-(N,N-bis-ethylhexylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-yl-amino) ethane sulfonate (IXC₈), Sodium 4,6-(2-(N,N-bis-octylamino)-1,3,5-Triazine-4,6-yl-amino) ethane sulfonate (XC₈) and 2,2′-(6,6′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl) bis(4-(octylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-6,2-diyl)) bis(azanediyl))diethane sulfonate (C₈-2-C₈) were synthesized from cyanuric chloride. The surface activity and application properties of these surfactants (XC₈, IXC₈ and C₈-2-C₈) were discussed. The values of CMC, γ _CMC, pC₂₀, Γ_max, and A_min calculated from surface tension measurement at 30 °C indicate that the surface activity of IXC₈, which has two branched hydrophobic carbon chains, has lower γ _CMC (26.8 mN m^?1) than the other investigated surfactants and excellent wetting ability.     

Preparation of microencapsulated xanthophyll for improving solubility and stability by nanoencapsulation

A microencapsulated xanthophyll preparation method, using an ultrasonic cell grinder synchronizing emulsification inclusion procedure, was developed for improving the stability and water solubility of xanthophyll. The microencapsulated xanthophyll was analyzed, tested and characterized by methods, including high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction. The half-life (t ½) of the microencapsulated xanthophyll against light, heat and oxygen was 7.1 weeks, 5.1 h and 9.2 weeks, respectively. Compared with non-encapsulated xanthophyll, the stability of the microencapsulated xanthophyll against light, heat and oxygen was improved by 5.6 times, 1.9 times and 7.7 times, respectively. The results also showed that the fat soluble xanthophyll was successfully converted into microencapsulated xanthophyll with good water solubility (over 0.125 g/g). The investigation can be of a great interest for food, drink, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and related scientists considering the health benefit effect of xanthophyll and the unsuccessful attempts hitherto to render it completely water-soluble for a full use.     

Comparing droplet breakup for a high-pressure valve homogeniser and a Microfluidizer for the potential production of food-grade nanoemulsions

A comparison of the emulsification performance of a high-pressure valve homogeniser (HPH) and a Microfluidizer has been carried out for a range of different oil to aqueous phase viscosity ratios, emulsifier types, pressure drops and number of passes through the chambers. It has been shown that for the same pressure drop across the two chambers, similar droplet sizes are produced (after 5 passes). Differences in droplet size were observed after a single pass, with the HPH producing larger droplets with a wider distribution of sizes. This difference can be attributed to the design of the homogenisation chambers with the HPH producing a wide distribution of shearing forces, so all of the starting emulsion does not experience the maximum stresses at each pass. Droplet size has been shown to be independent of viscosity ratio (0.1–80) for both homogenisers indicating that breakup is occurring in turbulent flow. No effect of emulsifier was observed in the Microfluidizer with SDS, Tween 20 and sodium caseinate. However, with the HPH, the droplet size reached a limiting value after 2 passes with SDS while with Tween 20 and sodium caseinate 5 passes were required indicating that coalescence occurs in the HPH but this is more effectively eliminated by SDS.     

大庆油田N区三元复合驱油试验的研究与评价

讨论了大庆油田在N区进行国产表面活性剂植物油羧酸盐三元复合驱矿场试验。大庆油田三元复合驱采用进口磺酸盐类表面活性剂,其成本较高,为了降低成本,提高经济效益,大庆油田首次在N 区应用植物油表面活性剂。试验采用PBH-808E羧酸盐作为表面活性剂,通过室内岩心驱油实验及实际矿场实验,对三元复合驱试验结果进行分析。结果表明,三元复合驱可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率20%以上;原油乳化是影响驱油效果的重要因素;通过跟踪调整体系黏度,提高试验效果。试验结果对大庆油田三元复合驱技术的发展起到积极作用。     

Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient method for the formation of sub-100 nm O/W emulsions with high stability

Hydrodynamic cavitation, a newly developed process intensification technique, has demonstrated immense po-tential for intensifying diverse physical and chemical processes. In this study, hydrodynamic cavitation was ex-plored as an efficient method for the formation of sub-100 nm oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with high stability. O/W emulsion with an average droplet size of 27 nm was successful y prepared. The average droplet size of O/W emulsions decreased with the increase of the inlet pressure, number of cavitation passes and surfac-tant concentration. The formed emulsion exhibited admirable physical stability during 8 months. Moreover, the hydrodynamic cavitation method can be generalized to fabricate large varieties of O/W emulsions, which showed great potential for large-scale formation of O/W emulsions with lower energy consumption.