Tribology of Unfilled and Filled Polymeric Surfaces in Refrigerant Environment for Compressor Applications

The current study examines the tribological performance of polymer/metal contacts in the presence of refrigerant versus ambient air under conditions simulating refrigeration compressors. Ten different polymers were employed as potential compressor bearing materials; four unfilled polymers and six blended polymers. All polymers were tested against cast iron samples of RMS roughness 0.3--0.5 μm and representative testing was performed against aluminum alloy disks. Experiments conducted in R-134A refrigerant exhibited slightly favorable friction and wear characteristics compared to experiments conducted in ambient air. Moreover, all blended polymers have superior tribological characteristics to unfilled polymers and metals. PEEK and polyimide in both unfilled and blended forms exhibit minimal wear and do not adversely affect the metal disks. This study also shows that although coherent, uniform films were not produced under compressor-like conditions, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the tested polymers still have favorable tribological properties and are good candidates for tribological contacts in refrigeration compressors.     

聚四氟乙稀软带贴面轴承的研制与应用

介绍了一种新型滑动轴承－PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）软带贴面轴承的加工工艺，分析摩擦材料的性能特点，并通过实验和应用证明此轴承的设计是成功的。     

Wear resistant solid lubricant coating made from PTFE and epoxy

A composite coating of polytetrafluoroethylene and epoxy shows 100 × improvements in wear resistance as compared to either of its constituents alone and reduced friction coefficient under testing on a pin-on-disk tribometer. This coating is made by impregnating an expanded PTFE film with epoxy, which provides three unique functions: (1) the epoxy compartmentalizes the PTFE nodes, which is believed to reduce the wear of the PTFE, (2) the epoxy increases the mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness, and (3) the epoxy provides a ready interface to bond the films onto a wide variety of substrates easily and securely. The experimental matrix had normal loads of 1–3 N, sliding speeds from 0.25 to 2.5 m/s, and used a 2.4 mm radius low carbon steel pin in a rotating pin-on-disk tribometer. The skived PTFE films had wear rates on the order of K=10^–3 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.2. Both the high density films (70 wt%PTFE) and low density films (50 wt% PTFE) had wear rates on the order of K=10^–6 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.15. The neat epoxy films showed significant scatter in the tribological measurements with wear-rates on the order of K=10^–4 mm³/Nm and friction coefficients around =0.40. The enhanced tribological behavior of these composites is believed to stem from the coatings ability to draw thin PTFE transfer films into the contact from the nodes of PTFE, which act like reservoirs. Nanoindentation mapping of the coatings and the transfer films supports this hypothesis, and accompanies scanning electron microscopy observations of the worn and unworn coatings.     

Robust Non-Wetting PTFE Surfaces by Femtosecond Laser Machining

Nature shows many examples of surfaces with extraordinary wettability, which can often be associated with particular air-trapping surface patterns. Here, robust non-wetting surfaces have been created by femtosecond laser ablation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The laser-created surface structure resembles a forest of entangled fibers, which support structural superhydrophobicity even when the surface chemistry is changed by gold coating. SEM analysis showed that the degree of entanglement of hairs and the depth of the forest pattern correlates positively with accumulated laser fluence and can thus be influenced by altering various laser process parameters. The resulting fibrous surfaces exhibit a tremendous decrease in wettability compared to smooth PTFE surfaces; droplets impacting the virgin or gold coated PTFE forest do not wet the surface but bounce off. Exploratory bioadhesion experiments showed that the surfaces are truly air-trapping and do not support cell adhesion. Therewith, the created surfaces successfully mimic biological surfaces such as insect wings with robust anti-wetting behavior and potential for antiadhesive applications. In addition, the fabrication can be carried out in one process step, and our results clearly show the insensitivity of the resulting non-wetting behavior to variations in the process parameters, both of which make it a strong candidate for industrial applications.     

改性聚四氟乙烯基自润滑轴承保持架材料

介绍了所研制的改性聚四氟乙烯基自润滑轴承保持架材料的性能,优、缺点,适用范围及应用实例,并展望了其今后的研究方向。     

PTFE/Kevlar纤维编织材料摩擦损伤演变规律研究

目的 通过对PTFE/Kevlar纤维编织材料进行不同循环次数的往复摩擦磨损试验,研究并揭示其摩擦损伤演变规律和损伤机理.方法 采用MXW-5型摩擦磨损试验机,同时保持一定的位移和频率,对材料分别进行2、5、10 N等3种载荷等级下往复运动的不同循环次数试验.采用体视显微镜(SM)对材料磨损表面在试验过程中产生的宏观损伤进行分析,利用3D光学显微镜(3D-OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)对损伤表面的微观形貌以及化学状态加以分析.结果 3种不同载荷条件下的样品,在达到1000次循环往复运动之前,摩擦因数增大0.05,1000～5000次增幅减缓为0.02,并逐渐趋于稳定.不同循环次数下,损伤表面形成了不同大小的PTFE转移膜,将表面C元素覆盖.3种载荷下,编织材料的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损.结论 在载荷不变的条件下,随着循环次数的增加,前期编织材料磨痕表面部分区域会形成PTFE转移膜,对Kevlar纤维产生一定的保护作用,进而降低表面磨损程度.随着表面磨损程度不断加剧,磨痕表面形成的PTFE转移膜剥落,导致纤维重新暴露在表面,使磨损进一步加剧.同时,随着材料样品磨损不断严重,磨痕表面的氧化程度不断加深.     

纳秒脉冲下温度、频率对尼龙6电老化的影响

尼龙6作为绝缘材料经过长时间运行后,绝缘性能会受老化的影响而劣化。目前对此类绝缘材料的研究多集中在常温和工频下,在ns脉冲条件下的研究较少。为了研究温度、频率对尼龙6中电树枝引发的影响,实验采用了固态ns脉冲发生器MPC50D为激励源,其具有30 ns的下降沿和70 ns的脉冲宽度;使用温度循环实验箱SP-80U控制实验温度。实验的温度设定为-40~60℃,频率设定为20~1 500 Hz。实验结果表明:温度对尼龙6中的电树枝引发电压有明显的影响,随温度的升高电树枝引发电压下降明显;频率对电树枝的影响并不明显,只在200 Hz以下出现了较明显的趋势;尼龙6、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和有机玻璃(PMMA)中的电树枝形态差异巨大,尼龙6中为丛林形,PTFE中为树枝形,PMMA中为层裂形;ns脉冲下击穿通道出现了放电引发的扇形结构。实验数据为尼龙6在ns脉冲下的绝缘应用提供了参考。     

脉冲参数对Cu-Sn-PTFE镀层组织结构和性能的影响

用脉冲电沉积的方法,在焦磷酸盐电解液中制备Cu Sn PTFE复合镀层,研究电流密度、脉冲频率、占空比等对镀层组织结构、成分、硬度及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,随电流密度和脉冲占空比的减小,复合镀层表面变得细腻,硬度逐渐增加;而随着脉冲频率的增大,镀层的摩擦因数有下降的趋势;复合镀层中的氟元素含量越高,镀层硬度越低,而镀层中的PTFE颗粒在摩擦过程中使得镀层具有优异的自润滑性能。在电流密度为25 A/dm2、频率3 000 Hz、占空比60%的脉冲参数组合下,复合镀层的组织均匀,PTFE含量高,摩擦学性能也最优异。     

不同水润滑尾轴承材料摩擦磨损性能比较

水润滑尾轴承材料对其摩擦磨损性能有着较大影响,为合理选取制作轴承的材料,选择3种目前业界较为常用的水润滑轴承材料:超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、丁腈橡胶(NBR),使用CBZ-1船舶轴系摩擦磨损试验机对其在2种常见摩擦速度、不同程度比压下的摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并通过表面形貌分析比较其磨损机制。结果表明:低转速工况下UHMWPE与PTFE的水润滑性能近似,略高于NBR;高转速工况下UHMWPE的水润滑性能高于PTFE和NBR,但NBR的工作稳定性优于UHMWPE和PTFE。     

PTFE填充PI基复合材料摩擦学性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为填料,聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体,通过机械冷压法制备了聚酰亚胺/聚四氟乙烯(PI/PTFE)自润滑复合材料。研究了PTFE在复合材料中质量分数对该材料和金属试件对磨时摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:在一定质量范围内PTFE的加入对于提高复合材料耐磨性具有积极的促进作用。当PTFE质量分数为30%时,PI/PTFE复合材料磨损率最低。和纯PI相比,填充PTFE的复合材料耐磨性提高3个数量级。对试件磨损形貌的分析表明:在对偶面形成转移膜的连续性直接影响PI/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损行为。对应最佳摩擦学性能时形成的自润滑转移膜更加连续、光滑和完整。