开源公益社区自组织协同创新模式研究

2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,诸多社会公益组织发挥了重要的作用,其中很多志愿者致力于线上各类信息的收集共享,以社会创新的形式为大众提供公益服务。开源社区(开放源代码社区)文化是信息时代的独特产物,它的核心价值要素包括共同承担社会责任、奉献和共享的社区精神,以及协同创新,因此在应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情这样的公共卫生危机时,开源社区能够发挥其独特的潜能和影响力。本文以“武汉2020”开源社区为例,基于杨氏基金会社会创新理论框架,研究分析了该社区在线上自组织的演化过程、弱中心化的分布式协作模式和工具等。该社区是由近四千名志愿者自发组织形成的线上公益开源社区,以跨地域协同创新的形式在短期内完成了一款公益服务产品的设计、开发和运行。这次实践拓展了社会创新的边界,展示了广大社区成员基于共同的价值标准和目标凝聚起来后,如何通过自组织搭建一个分布式决策和协作的社区框架,进行协同创新和快速产出面向大众的公益服务。     

Exploration and Innovation of Regional Urban System Planning: A Review and Analysis on the Urban System Plan of Jiangsu Province

Through the analysis on the main problems existing in the urban development of Jiangsu Province, this paper points out the limitations of traditional urban system planning. It also introduces the exploration and innovation in the compilation of the Urban System Plan of Jiangsu Province, and puts forward the specific countermeasures.     

Monochromatic LEDs based on perovskite quantum dots: Opportunities and challenges

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for the monochromatic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) approaching the Rec. 2020 color gamut due to their extremely narrow emission bandwidth. Another important aspect are the high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values that can be obtained either in solution or thin films making these materials as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs or solar cells. Considerable research efforts in chemistry, chemical engineering, solid‐state physics, and material sciences have been made in the past years. The new opportunity in the field of semiconductor quantum dots is still in the beginning phase and is expected to remain active in the following years. Here, in this invited commentary, we briefly discuss and summarize the opportunities and challenges in both fundamental and technological aspects, based on our work and the recent work in this field.     

欧盟可再生能源发展形势和2020年发展战略目标分析

2010年,欧盟可再生能源发展呈现出新的形势:一方面,风电满足了欧盟5.3%的电力需求,已经开始发挥替代能源的战略作用;另一方面,光伏发电新增装机容量首次超过风电,显示出分布式光伏发电的巨大优势。在欧盟可再生能源"20-20-20"发展目标的基础上,欧盟各成员国相继制定了具有法律效力的国家可再生能源行动方案,规定了各国在不同时期的可再生能源的发展目标和实现路径。     

String Block Vs Superblock Patterns of Dispersal in China

The superblock in China has become the dominant unit of urban planning, allowing for rapid urban growth while also meeting the needs of state and property developer alike. Kjersti Monson explains the conditions that have given rise to the superblock, while challenging it by proposing an alternative ‘stringblock’ approach, rooted more in collective culture and addressing the demands of the market-driven economy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

页岩吸附超临界CH4的热力学特征

为完善页岩等量吸附热计算方法,明确页岩吸附超临界CH₄的热力学特征,选用温度区间为26.85~199.85 ℃、压力范围为0.08~14 MPa的页岩等温吸附数据,系统检验常用吸附相密度计算方法的合理性,并基于绝对吸附量分析等量线标绘法的适用范围及页岩等量吸附热特征。结果表明：①经检验,常用的吸附相密度计算方法中Ozawa经验公式法适用于较宽温压范围内的绝对吸附量校正;②Lnp-1/T曲线在温度区间为149.85~199.85 ℃且n_ab为0.103 8~0.280 0 mmol/g时不具有线性特征,因此该温度及吸附量范围内等量线标绘法不再适用,同时Lnp-1/T曲线的n_ab取值应当与Lnp-n_ab曲线保持一致,以此获得的等量吸附热曲线才能全面地反映吸附过程的热力学特征;③页岩吸附超临界CH₄的等量吸附热随着吸附量的增加呈现先增大后减小的非单调变化,表明在吸附早期,CH₄分子间的相互作用力对等量吸附热的影响占主导,当吸附量增加到一定程度后,页岩表面的非均一性占主导。     

“十三五”电力流及电源规划方案研究

十三五”期间是中国能源及电力转变发展方式、优化结构及布局的重要机遇期。在电力需求持续增长、生态环境约束进一步趋紧、风电等可再生能源大规模开发等新形势下,在更大范围进行能源资源优化配置成为必然选择,科学合理的电力流规划至关重要。提出了电力流规划方法,并进行了中国“十三五”电力流规划实证研究。分析表明,规划方案将带来显著的社会经济效益。