Numerical Simulation and Analysis on the Hemodynamics of An Elastic Aneurysm

Intracranial aneurysms are pathological dilatations which endanger people＇s health. Hemodynamics is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of aneurysms. To date, the bulk of investigations into hemodynamics have been conducted by making use of mathematically idealized models for rigid aneurysms and associated arteries. However the walls of aneurysms and associated arteries are elastic in vivo. This study shows the differences of the simulation between elastic and rigid wall models. The numerical simulation of elastic aneurysm model is made fi＇om a representative Digital Subtraction Angiography （DSA） image and calculated with CFD software to get the wall deformation and the velocity field. Then the results are analyzed. By comparing the simulation results of the two models from their velocity vectors and shear stress distribution, many differences can be noted. The main difference exists in the distribution of velocity magnitude at some sections, with one outlet having obviously off-center distribution for the elastic wall model. The currents of the distribution of wall shear stress along the wall of aneurysm simulated in rigid and elastic wall models were similar. But there were apparent differences between the two models on the values of wall shear stress especially at the neck of aneurysm. The off-center distribution of velocity magnitude affects the distribution of wall shear stress and the exchange of substance through the wall. The analysis demonstrated clearly that the results of 2-D elastic numerical simulation were in good agreement with the clinical and pathological practice. The results of this study play an important role in the formation, growth, rupture and prognosis of an aneurysm on clinic application.     

基于格式塔认知框架的腹腔CT多目标分割算法

为了解决腹腔软组织电子计算机断层扫描影像难于分割的难题,提出一种基于格式塔认知框架的多目标分割算法.通过借鉴格式塔认知框架中“邻近度、相似度”的思想,引入超像素算法处理电子计算机断层扫描图像处理,生成可视块.进一步地,在可视块粒度描述有向邻接关系,以软组织的相对空间位置约束聚类分割过程.在公开数据库上的实验结果表明,该算法降低了聚类的计算量,其结果比当前流行的算法准确率更高.     

小檗碱活化AMPK-eNOS减轻油酸所致人主动脉内皮细胞损伤

目的：考察小檗碱对油酸所致内皮细胞损伤的保护作用,并探究其作用机制。方法：以体外培养人主动 脉内皮细胞系（human aorta endothelial cells,HAEC）为受试对象;分别以油酸、油酸联合小檗碱、油酸联合单 磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK）激活剂（AICAR）或抑制剂 （Compound C）处理HAEC;采用油红O染色法观察细胞内脂滴合成;采用比色法检测细胞内甘油三酯、总胆 固醇含量,硝酸还原酶法检测NO的水平,2’,7’-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐探针检测细胞内总活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平,Western Blotting检测细胞总AMPK、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS）及其磷酸化（p-AMPK、p-eNOS）水平。结果：油酸可浓度依赖性地抑制细胞增殖,小檗碱组各项指标 较正常对照组无显著性差异,油酸联合小檗碱组的细胞活性较油酸组明显好转（P＜0.01）。与正常对照组比较, 油酸组的脂质浸润程度明显,油酸在不同浓度下使内皮细胞的脂质含量呈剂量依赖性增加,加入小檗碱可明显减 少这种脂质堆积。油酸组的NO水平较正常对照组明显减少,小檗碱能显著抑制油酸所致的内皮NO水平的减少, 并且减少由于油酸所致的ROS水平的升高;油酸抑制了AMPK的活化,使p-AMPK和p-eNOS的蛋白水平明显降低 （P＜0.01）;小檗碱可明显逆转油酸所致AMPK和eNOS磷酸化水平下降,Compound C可拮抗其作用。结论：小檗 碱可减轻油酸所致血管内皮细胞损伤,或与其活化AMPK/eNOS信号相关。     

不确定Willis脑动脉瘤系统的自适应模糊滑模控制

研究了具有不确定项的非线性Willis环上脑动脉瘤系统的混沌控制和同步问题,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模变结构控制方法,设计了模糊滑模变结构控制器及自适应控制律,并从理论上证明了控制系统的稳定性。在该控制器的作用下,受控Willis脑动脉瘤系统能够达到任意目标轨道,且不受不确定性的影响,具有很强的鲁棒性。定值跟踪和同步控制的仿真结果表明了控制器的有效性。     

颅内脑动脉瘤夹结构的研究

阐述了颅内脑内动脉瘤夹的发展现状衣研制它的必要性，分析了脑动脉瘤夹的技术特点及各个部位的功用，并采用理论计算与实际对瘤夹的合理性进行了验证，最后得出了影响脑动脉瘤夹结构的各种因素，从而设计出能满足医学应用的颅内脑动脉瘤夹。     

机械固定腹丝非穿透型聚苯板上粘贴饰面砖技术

结合工程实例,对机械固定腹丝非穿透型聚苯板上粘贴饰面砖的施工工艺作了介绍,阐述了施工技术要点及质量控制措施,以确保饰面砖的施工质量,达到预期的施工效果。     

腹腔妊娠的超声诊断分析

目的：探讨腹腔妊娠的超声诊断特点。方法：采用回顾性方法分析术前诊断的腹腔妊娠,结合术后结果探讨腹腔妊娠的特点。结果：术前诊断5例腹腔妊娠,术后证实4例,子宫破裂引起的3例,1例为输卵管破裂引发。误诊1例。结论：超声是一种诊断腹腔妊娠有效而简便的方法。     

NON-NEWTONIAN COMPUTATIONAL HEMODYNAMICS IN TWO PATIENT-SPECIFIC CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS WITH DAUGHTER SACCULES

Hemodynamic factors play important roles in the formation, progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, and the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) on the aneurysms are considered to be correlated with their growth and rupture. In this article, two computational models based on patient-specific cerebral aneurysms with daughter saccule are constructed from 3D-RA image data, one is lateral aneurysm located in middle cerebral artery (CA1) and the other is terminal aneurysm located in anterior communicating artery (CA2), The corresponding models of the two aneurysms by removing daughter saccule are established in order to investigate the initiation and growth of the daughter saccule. The flow patterns and the distributions of hemodynamic factors in the two aneurysms before and after daughter saccule is removed are obtained by solving the governing equations with the commercial CFD software Ansys CFX11.0 under the non-Newtonian fluid assumption. By analyzing the flow patterns, it is concluded that the aneurysms with daughter saccules have more complex and unstable flow patterns and hence are prone to rupture. By comparing the distribution of OSI, a hypothesis that a high OSI causes the growth of the daughter saccule is presented.     

Hypoxic Culture Maintains Cell Growth of the Primary Human Valve Interstitial Cells with Stemness

The characterization of aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) cultured under optimal conditions is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis. Here, we propose 2% hypoxia as an optimum VIC culture condition. Leaflets harvested from patients with aortic valve regurgitation were digested using collagenase and VICs were cultured under the 2% hypoxic condition. A significant increase in VIC growth was observed in 2% hypoxia (hypo-VICs), compared to normoxia (normo-VICs). RNA-sequencing revealed that downregulation of oxidative stress-marker genes (such as superoxide dismutase) and upregulation of cell cycle accelerators (such as cyclins) occurred in hypo-VICs. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was observed in normo-VICs, indicating that low oxygen tension can avoid oxidative stress with cell-cycle arrest. Further mRNA quantifications revealed significant upregulation of several mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitor markers, including CD34, in hypo-VICs. The stemness of hypo-VICs was confirmed using osteoblast differentiation assays, indicating that hypoxic culture is beneficial for maintaining growth and stemness, as well as for avoiding senescence via oxidative stress. The availability of hypoxic culture was also demonstrated in the molecular screening using proteomics. Therefore, hypoxic culture can be helpful for the identification of therapeutic targets and the evaluation of VIC molecular functions in vitro.     

AS1411 Nucleolin-Specific Binding Aptamers Reduce Pathological Angiogenesis through Inhibition of Nucleolin Phosphorylation

Proliferative retinopathies produces an irreversible type of blindness affecting working age and pediatric population of industrialized countries. Despite the good results of anti-VEGF therapy, intraocular and systemic complications are often associated after its intravitreal use, hence novel therapeutic approaches are needed. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of the AS1411, an antiangiogenic nucleolin-binding aptamer, using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models of angiogenesis and propose a mechanistic insight. Our results showed that AS1411 significantly inhibited retinal neovascularization in the oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) in vivo model, as well as inhibited branch formation in the rat aortic ex vivo assay, and, significantly reduced proliferation, cell migration and tube formation in the HUVEC in vitro model. Importantly, phosphorylated NCL protein was significantly abolished in HUVEC in the presence of AS1411 without affecting NFκB phosphorylation and -21 and 221-angiomiRs, suggesting that the antiangiogenic properties of this molecule are partially mediated by a down regulation in NCL phosphorylation. In sum, this new research further supports the NCL role in the molecular etiology of pathological angiogenesis and identifies AS1411 as a novel anti-angiogenic treatment.