Circumferential variation in mechanical characteristics of porcine descending aorta

Arterial characterization of healthy descending thoracic aorta (DTA) is indispensable in determining stress distributions across wall thickness and different regions that may be responsible for aorta inhomogeneous dilation, rupture, and dissection when aneurysm occurs. Few studies have shown the inhomogeneity of DTA along the aorta tree considering changes in circumferential direction. The present study aims to clarify the circumferential regional characterization of DTA. Porcine DTA tissues were tested according to region and orientation using uniaxial tension. For axial test, results show that the difference in circumferential direction was mainly in collagen fiber modulus, where the anterior collagen fiber modulus was significantly lower than the posterior quadrant. For circumferential test, the difference in circumferential direction was mainly in the recruitment parameter, where the circumferential stiffness is significantly higher in the posterior region at physiological maximum stress. The proximal posterior quadrant and left quadrant showed significantly lower axial collagen fiber stiffness than the right and anterior quadrants, which may be a factor in aneurysm development. Furthermore, the constitutive parameters for similar detailed regions can be used by biomedical engineers to investigate improved therapies and thoroughly understand the initial stage of aneurysm development. The regional collagen fiber modulus can help improve our understanding of the mechanisms of arterial dilation and aortic dissection.     

The defensive secretion of Carabus lefebvrei Dejean 1826 pupa (Coleoptera,Carabidae): Gland ultrastructure and chemical identification

This study documents the defensive function of flavored humor secreted by the abdominal glands of Carabus lefebvrei pupae. The morphology and the ultrastructure of these glands were described and the volatile compounds of glands secretion were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ultrastructure analysis shows an acinose complex formed by about 50 clusters. Each cluster has 20 glandular units and the unit—composed of one secretory and one canal cell lying along a duct—belongs to the class 3 cell type of Quennedey (1998). In the cytoplasm, the secretory cell contains abundant rough endoplasmatic reticula, glycogen granules, numerous mitochondria, and many well-developed Golgi complexes producing electron-dense secretory granules. Mitochondria are large, elongated, and often adjoining electronlucent vesicles. The kind and the origin of secretory granules varying in size and density were discussed. The chemical analysis of the gland secretion revealed the presence of a mixture of low molecular weight terpenes, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids. Monoterpenes, especially linalool, were the major products. We supposed that ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids have a deterrent function against the predators and monoterpenes provide a prophylaxis function against pathogens. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

不锈钢材质钻削加工的技术改进

通过改进标准麻花钻的几何参数、合理选择切削速度和切削液,改善了不锈钢材料的钻削加工状况,提高表面质量和加工效率.     

急性腹痛54例临床分析

目的增加对急性腹痛病因的认识,提高诊断率,探讨治疗方法。方法随机抽取以急性腹痛为主要表现的内科住院例54例进行病因、症状、体征、辅助检查及治疗的统计分析。结果以急性腹痛为主要临床表现的疾病病变部位,腹腔内器官占92.6%,腹腔外器官占7.4%,最常见的病因为急性胰腺炎27.8%。结论以急性腹痛为主要表现的疾病病因复杂,病情多变,应特别重视其诊断及治疗。     

L-肉碱对肉鸡腹脂沉积的影响及作用机理探讨

选用 4 80羽 1日龄Avain肉鸡 ,随机分成 4个处理组 ,分别饲喂添加 0、2 5、5 0、75 (mg/kg)L -肉碱的试验饲粮 4 9d ,研究L -肉碱对肉鸡腹脂沉积的影响及其作用机理。结果表明 :不同水平L -肉碱对肝重比率和肝脂含量均无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但添加 5 0mg/kg和 75mg/kgL -肉碱均显著地降低了肉鸡腹脂重比率(P <0 .0 5 )。添加 5 0mg/kg和 75mg/kgL -肉碱使腹脂中激素敏感脂酶的总活力增强 (P <0 .0 3) ,苹果酸脱氢酶的总活力降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;使胸肌中总肉碱含量 (P <0 .0 5 )、酸不溶肉碱含量 (P <0 .0 1)及其与游离肉碱含量的比值 (P <0 .0 3)增高 ;使血清中总肉碱 (P <0 .0 1)、游离脂肪酸 (P <0 .0 1)和肌酸酐浓度 (P <0 .0 3)提高 ,甘油三酯浓度降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。上述结果提示 :L -肉碱通过改变鸡体内脂肪代谢相关酶的活力 ,促进脂肪酸的氧化利用 ,而产生降低腹脂沉积的效果     

基于改进卷积神经网络的腹部动脉血管分割

腹部动脉血管分割对于胃癌淋巴结的转移和肝动脉变异类型的判断至关重要。针对腹部动脉血管分割精度低、易断裂等问题,提出一种改进卷积网络架构的腹部动脉分割方法。卷积网络的编码部分使用带有卷积注意的预训练模块(resnet34),避免了梯度消失且可更好地获取图像的特征信息。为了扩大感受野和聚集多尺度特征信息,提出了一种新的多尺度特征融合模块。此外,动脉血管的边缘结构信息的学习至关重要,引入注意力导向滤波作为信息扩展路径,使输出特征更加结构化,提升血管分割的精度。所提方法在腹部动脉血管分割的实验结果表明,与基础网络U-Net相比,所提方法在灵敏度和交并比上分别提升了2.84%和1.19%。与CE-Net网络相比,在灵敏度和交并比上分别提升了1.34%和161%。     

Impaired delay eyeblink classical conditioning in individuals with anterograde amnesia resulting from anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture.

Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm rupture can lead to an anterograde amnesia syndrome similar to that observed after damage to the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes (MT). It is currently believed that ACoA amnesia results from basal forebrain damage that disrupts hippocampal processing without direct hippocampal damage. Converging evidence from animal studies and computational modeling suggests that qualitative differences may exist in the pattern of memory impairment after basal forebrain or MT damage. For example, animals with basal forebrain but not hippocampal damage are impaired at delay eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC). In this study, individuals with ACoA amnesia were shown to be impaired at delay EBCC compared with matched controls; this contrasts with the spared delay EBCC previously observed in MT amnesia. This finding suggests the beginning of a possible dissociation between the memory impairments in MT versus ACoA amnesia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrochemical mass transfer measurements in a Y‐bifurcation model

A novel technique was used to fabricate nickel flow models of a straight pipe and a Y‐bifurcation. These were used to obtain integral mass transfer coefficients by the electrochemical technique. For the straight pipe, good agreement was obtained with previously reported mass transfer correlations. The use of an upstream anode in addition to the downstream anode led to higher mass transfer at the cathode with laminar flow because of the additional near‐wall ions produced by the upstream anode. With increasing Schmidt number, the effect of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on mass transfer was delayed to progressively higher Reynolds numbers because of the reduced mass transfer boundary layer thickness relative to the viscous sublayer. With the Y‐bifurcation, possible flow separation and the formation of a new mass transfer boundary layer in the daughter branches significantly influence the mass transfer behaviour.     

颅内动脉瘤3D几何模型建立方法的研究

血流动力学的状态参数及其变化是认识动脉瘤的发生、发展和破裂以及风险预测的基础。提出了一种基于DSA图像的颅内动脉瘤的3D几何模型的建立方法,完成了动脉瘤3D形状的几何表达。该模型为进一步分析血流动力学因素的基础。     

Increased leukocyte aggregates are associated with atherosclerosis in patients with hemodialysis

Little data are available on the role of blood rheology in atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study sought to assess the relationship between leukocytes conjugated with platelets (leukocyte aggregates [LA]) and atherosclerosis in patients with HD. The present study included 118 patients on HD. As surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, aortic stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured. As an assessment of LA, a method, microchannel array flow analyzer, which makes it possible to directly observe the flow of blood cell elements through the microchannel, was used. We measured a number of LA during 50 μL flow of whole blood through microchannels. In 12 age-matched healthy individuals, a number of LA during 50 μL flow of whole blood was 25.7±5.4, whereas in HD patients it was significantly increased up to 48.2±16.4 (P<0.001). Flow cytometry demonstrated that LA were predominantly monocytes. Leukocyte aggregates were positively associated with plasma levels of fibrinogen (P<0.01), or serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P<0.01). Moreover, LA had highly significant associations with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (P<0.001) and IMT (P<0.001). In conclusion, we demonstrated hemorheologically that monocyte-platelet conjugates play an important role in aortic stiffness and IMT in HD patients.