基于聚合物微球接枝硅油的超滑棉织物制备及其防污性能

为提高超滑织物的物理化学稳定性,首先采用乳液聚合法以乙烯基改性纳米二氧化硅(V-SiO₂)为原料制备自黏性核壳型聚合物微球,将其经浸涂-焙烘工艺组装到棉织物表面得到粗糙基底;然后利用氨基-环氧基接枝反应、氨基-羟基氢键作用将氨基硅油接枝在粗糙基底表面得到超滑织物。探究了超滑织物的疏液、防污及物理化学稳定性能。结果表明:超滑织物中超滑表面的粗糙结构由粒径为321.3 nm的微球构成,表面水滴接触角为138°;水、二甲基亚砜在超滑织物表面的滑动角分别为7°、15°;接触番茄酱、咖啡污物后,超滑表面黏附量显著减少;经200 mL以内水冲击后,超滑织物表面水、二甲基亚砜的滑动角分别小于12°、26°;在pH值为3~9条件下其表面液滴的接触角稳定在42°~49°之间。     

超分子水凝胶的制备与应用

水凝胶在日常生产与生活中发挥着重要作用,但传统水凝胶由于缺乏刺激响应性等动态性,无法满足日益增长的生产与生活需求。因此,制备并应用具有优异自修复性、刺激响应性以及可适应性等动态性的超分子水凝胶（SHGs）备受关注。综述了SHGs的制备与应用研究进展,系统归纳了高分子类SHGs（如聚丙烯酸SHGs、聚丙烯酰胺SHGs等）和天然高分子类SHGs（如壳聚糖SHGs、透明质酸SHGs等）的合成方法,阐述了SHGs在生物医药、柔性传感、防污材料等领域中的应用情况,最后展望了SHGs存在问题及发展趋势。     

Ultrafiltration Membranes with Structure‐Optimized Graphene‐Oxide Coatings for Antifouling Oil/Water Separation

Fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in oil/water separation is a long‐standing issue and a major economic barrier to their use in a broad range of applications. Currently reported membranes typically show severe fouling, resulting from the strong oil adhesion on the membrane surface and/or oil penetration inside the membranes. This greatly degrades their performance and shortens service lifetime. Here, the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a novel coating material for the fabrication of fully recoverable, UF membranes with desired hierarchical surface roughness is accomplished by a facile vacuum filtration method for antifouling oil/water separation. The combination of ultrathin, “water‐locking” GO coatings with the optimized hierarchical surface roughness, provided by the inherent roughness of the porous supports and the corrugation of the GO coatings, minimizes underwater oil adhesion on the membrane surface. Cyclic membrane performance evaluation tests revealed approximately 100% membrane recovery by facile surface water flushing, establishing their excellent easy‐to‐recover capability. The novel GO functional coatings with optimized hierarchical structures may have broad applications in oil‐polluted environments.     

Fabrication of Copper Nanowire Films and their Incorporation into Polymer Matrices for Antibacterial and Marine Antifouling Applications

With the ban of tributyltin, copper‐based biocides are now widely used in antifouling coatings as the major active ingredients. Given the past experience of heavy‐metal accumulation in harbors with limited water exchange, there is a significant interest in developing copper materials that greatly reduce the amount of copper ions released into marine surroundings. In this paper, copper nanowires (NWs) encapsulated in polymer matrices are investigated as the means to control the release of copper ions and to achieve a long‐lasting antifouling effect. Very long CuNWs with high aspect ratio in organic solution are drop‐coated onto substrates to fabricate uniform thin films. They are then incorporated into an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. A small amount of CuNWs in PDMS can inhibit barnacle cyprid settlement, while it exhibits low mortality to cyprids and nauplii present in the surrounding seawater environment. The low levels of copper released after 50 days suggest that the intersecting and interconnected CuNWs embedded in PDMS could potentially release copper ions continuously over a few years in seawater. This approach provides a novel platform to use hybrid materials as effective marine antifouling coatings, and may be applied to fouling release materials to enhance their antifouling properties.     

超疏水氟硅防污涂料的制备及性能研究

以自制氟硅嵌段聚合物为成膜物质,添加纳米SiO2、颜填料和助剂,制成低表面能防污涂料。通过考察树脂、纳米SiO2及颜填料含量对涂料性能的影响,确定了各自的最佳用量:树脂35%、纳米SiO210%和颜填料5%。试验结果表明:所制备的涂层外观光滑、平整,附着力1级,铅笔硬度HB,抗冲击性54 cm。水接触角152.25°,达到了超疏水性能。     

高效抗污卷铝涂料的研制

通过对各个原材料的深度筛选,合理搭配,研制出高效抗污卷铝涂料。着重研究了主体树脂的改性及各种助剂的应用,制得的涂料具有高效抗污性和抗菌性,同时漆膜具有优异的附着力、机械加工性、耐化学品性和耐腐蚀性,特别适合用于室内外装潢、幕墙、天花吊顶等场合。     

TiO2改性静电纺复合超滤膜抗污染性能的研究

膜污染是制约超滤膜广泛使用的最重要因素之一,膜污染直接影响到膜的使用寿命及膜的分离性能.本文采用静电纺丝技术制备了PET/PVA纳米纤维复合超滤膜,通过溶剂浸泡处理复合膜,将PVA纳米纤维层溶胀并交联,形成具有抗污染性能的PVA表面致密层结构,所制备的复合纳米纤维超滤膜具有水通量损失率小、通量恢复率高的优点.通过在PVA中添加不同质量分数的TiO2进一步改善膜的亲水性和抗污染性能.使用死端过滤系统过滤10 mg/L腐殖酸溶液,测试结果表明:复合膜的分离性能和抗污染性能在一定范围内随着TiO2的增加而增大.亲水性TiO2的添加能够进一步增强PVA的亲水性,对复合膜抗污染性能的提高有重要作用.但是,TiO2的添加也会增大膜表面的粗糙度,不利于膜抗污染性能的提高,因此,TiO2有一个合宜的添加限度.     

海洋底栖硅藻在电气石涂层上的附着行为

为了开发新型无毒海洋防污涂料,培养了舟形海洋底栖硅藻,采用叶绿素a值测定、体视显微镜拍照和图像定量分析方法,研究了底栖硅藻在质量分数为2%、3%、5%、10%的4种电气石涂层上的附着行为。结果表明,含2%电气石涂层对底栖硅藻的附着无明显抑制作用,含3%电气石涂层对底栖硅藻附着的抑制作用最为明显,电气石含量继续增大为5%和10%,其抑制作用逐渐减小。电气石对底栖硅藻在涂层上附着的抑制机理在于,当电气石与海水接触时,使水分子电解,生成羟基负离子,同时电解海水,产生次氯酸钠、Cl2、HClO和ClO-等强氧化剂;这些强氧化剂对底栖硅藻具有毒性,从而抑制其生长活性,并阻止其在涂层表面的附着。电气石在新型无毒防污涂料的研发中具有重要的价值。     

Marine coatings based on metal complexes of 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-thio-1,2,4-triazole

Copper, cobalt, nickel and tin metal complexes of 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-thio-1,2,4-triazole (I) have been prepared and their structure identified through IR and electronic spectra measurements. The cobalt and nickel have been found to be octahedral; on the other hand, a mixed structure is proposed for the copper complex. The complexes are incorporated in marine paint formulations in the presenceo of 4-(p-chlorobenzylideneamino)-3-(p-chlorobenzylidenehydrazino)-5-thio-1,2,4-triazole, 4-(3,4-dichlorobenzylideneamino)-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl idenehydrazino)-5-thio-1,2,4-triazole and 4-(p-nitrobenzylideneamino)-3-(p-nitrobenzylidenehydrazino)-5-thio-1,2,4-triazole. Each paint was applied to PVC and mild steel substrate and the panels were tested in Alexandria eastern harbour water. Paints containing copper, cobalt and nickel complexes of (I) in the presence of its chlorinated or nitro derivatives showed antifouling properties till about 4 months, while they protect steel substrate from marine corrosion for 1 month.     

生物功能涂料的研究进展

本文综述了生物功能涂料的发展概况，并对国内外新型生物功能涂料的研究情况做了介绍，展望了生物功能涂料的发展前景。