常压蒸馏装置原油换热网络优化与板式换热器的应用

介绍了中国石化集团资产经营管理有限公司巴陵石化分公司常压蒸馏装置异地改造在原油换热网络优化与板式换热器等方面的应用。通过运用"窄点"技术重新优化原油与常压侧线馏分的换热顺序,充分利用常压渣油、常三线等高温位热源的梯级取热,并在窄点换热部位采用高效板式换热器等措施,使换热网络优化后总换热面积减少41%,原油换热终温提高9℃,板式换热器热物流进口和冷物流出口的最小温差达到6℃。生产运行结果表明本次常压蒸馏装置原油换热网络的设计及板式换热器的选用是成功的,换热终温提高可节约燃料干气0.439kg/t(原油),每年节省燃料气费用约150万元,经济效益明显。     

Performance evaluation of asphalt containing layered double hydroxides with different zinc ratio in the host layer

The effects of five layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different zinc ratio on the physical and rheological properties, chemical components, and anti-UV aging performance of asphalt were evaluated. Results show that LDHs improve the deformation resistance of asphalt at high temperature. After UV aging, LDH-modified asphalts show the smaller changes of physical and rheological properties and chemical components in comparison with asphalt, indicating the improved UV aging resistance. By comparison, the LDHs with higher ratio of zinc in the layers have the more outstanding UV reflection ability, leading to a beneficial effect in improving UV aging resistance of asphalt.     

结构试验器固体推进剂装药低温加速老化试验研究

采用低温加速老化试验的方法,依据GJB770B-2005火药试验方法,测试了6%、9%、12%和15%四种不同应变水平的结构试验器在单轴拉伸条件下的最大拉伸强度σm和最大伸长率εm,考察了四种结构试验器中装药推进剂在低温(-28℃)下贮存性能随老化时间的变化趋势。结果表明:在低温应力应变情况下结构试验器中推进剂老化的主要原因是应力损伤。动态力学分析(DMA)试验(频率1 Hz,振幅20μm,测试温度范围-100~80℃,升温速率为3℃·min-1)证实推进剂确已发生损伤。常温拉伸(拉伸速度100 mm·min-1,测试温度(23±2)℃)情况下,推进剂σm逐渐升高,15%应变的结构试验器经过19周低温老化后,σm(0.96 MPa)与初始值(0.74 MPa)相比增加了近30%,εm基本在初始值附近波动;低温快速拉伸(拉伸速度500 mm·min-1,测试温度(-55±2)℃情况下老化后期推进剂σm升高,εm明显下降,15%应变的结构试验器经过19周低温老化后,σm(4.18 MPa)与初始值(3.77 MPa)相比增加了约11%,εm(26.8%)与初始值(37.6%)相比降低近29%。根据试验现象初步分析推进剂在低温应力情况下的老化机理可能是应力/应变作用下的物理损伤,包括网络内聚损伤和固体颗粒与粘合剂界面"脱湿"。     

一种弹药PBX装药的贮存老化机理及安全性

运用CT扫描了贮存4、8、12、16年高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)弹药装药结构,采用重量分析法,液体静力称量法和红外光谱分析了不同贮存年限装药的组成、密度及析出物,利用扫描电镜观察贮存4、12、16年弹药装药微观结构,测试弹药装药撞击感度。结果表明,装药逐渐出现裂纹、孔洞、空腔等老化现象,由固态变为粘稠态,并有硅橡胶析出;装药密度及组分中HMX含量由贮存4年时的1.56 g·cm-3、85%逐渐提高到16年时的1.66 g·cm-3、95%;装药断面由平整光滑逐渐变为凸凹不平。裂纹可能是因炸药颗粒与粘结剂发生脱离,内部微裂纹扩展引起,孔洞、空腔等老化现象可能是粘结剂大分子网状结构降解成环状小分子引起。老化使装药撞击感度由贮存4年时的8%逐渐提高到16年时的44%。     

Fabrication of a Large‐Area Hierarchical Structure Array by Combining Replica Molding and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Etching

A novel approach to produce a large‐area hierarchical structure array is presented. The method combines replica molding and atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) etching processes. Liquid blends consisting of siliconized silsesquioxane acrylate (Si‐SSQA), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), and photoinitiator are used as roughness formable materials during APP etching. Microstructures composed of the Si‐SSQA/PEGDMA mixtures are fabricated by replica molding. Nanoroughness is realized on the microstructures by argon/oxygen (Ar/O₂) APP etching in air. The nano­roughness on molded microstructures is efficiently controlled by varying the weight ratio of Si‐SSQA to PEGDMA and the etching time. The hierarchical structures fabricated by combining replica molding and Ar/O₂ APP etching show superhydrophilicity with a long‐term stability, resulting in the formation of hydroxyl‐terminated silicon oxide layer with the reorientation limit. On the other hand, the hierarchical structures treated with a perfluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) show increased the water contact angles of up to 161° depending on the morphology of the hierarchical structures. The increment of water contact angles is consistent with increment of the nano‐/microroughness of hierarchical structures.     

日本养老体系对我国城市既有社区适老化更新策略的启示

我国的适老化居住研究起步较晚,其养老体系的发展仍然存在一系列问题,如缺乏政策支持、居住适应性差、养老形式单一等。而日本作为较早进入老年社会的国家,其养老体系在政策一体性、更新潜质性、居住多样性等方面发展较为成熟,对我国的养老体系发展有着较大的参考意义。本研究通过借鉴日本养老体系,试探性地从政府政策、社区环境、住宅内部三个层面提出了相应的更新策略及其建议。     

A Proteomic Analysis of Human Follicular Fluid: Comparison between Younger and Older Women with Normal FSH Levels

The follicular fluid (FF) is produced during folliculogenesis and contains a variety of proteins that play important roles in follicle development and oocyte maturation. Age-related infertility is usually considered as a problem that can be solved by assisted reproduction technology. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers that are linked to reproductive aging is the subject of this study. FF was obtained from healthy younger (20–32 years old) and older (38–42 years old) women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to male factor infertility. The FF was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The power of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the identification of proteins were exploited using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry. Twenty three protein spots showed reproducible and significant changes in the aged compared to the young group. Of these, 19 protein spots could be identified using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS. As a result of MASCOT search, five unique downregulated proteins were identified in the older group. These were identified as serotransferrin, hemopexin precursor, complement C3, C4 and kininogen. A number of protein markers were found that may help develop diagnostic methods of infertility.     

高分子涂层老化机理研究进展分析

高分子涂层在自然条件下会受到各种因素的影响而发生老化,本文总结了影响涂层老化的主要因素,指出太阳辐射、温度、水分（湿度）,氧和臭氧,污染物等是引起高分子涂层老化最主要的环境因素。同时,对涂层在不同环境下的老化机理以及不同类型涂层的老化机理也分别做了剖析。     

不饱和聚酯型人造石英石的紫外老化研究

对不饱和聚酯树脂粘合的人造石英石板材进行了人工紫外加速老化试验,通过显微观察其表面形态,比较色差值,并采用红外谱图分析,研究石英石板材的紫外老化情况。试验结果表明,四种类型的不饱和聚酯树脂石英石在经过500h紫外照射后,表层都会出现不同程度的粉化现象。而FTIR谱图显示,树脂并没有出现明显的链降解,石英石板面的粉化应是石英粉与树脂的接合面在老化试验中发生分离,导致石英粉脱落。     

胶粘剂老化机理及研究进展(上)

总结了不同环境因素(如水、氧、热、光和应力等)下胶粘剂材料的老化机理,综述了自然环境及人工加速老化试验下胶粘剂的老化行为、国内外研究情况。最后展望了胶粘剂老化研究动向和发展趋势。