Effects of feeding betaine-containing liquid supplement to transition dairy cows

Betaine is a natural compound found in sugar beets that serves as a methyl donor and organic osmolyte when fed to animals. The objective was to evaluate the effect of feeding betaine-containing molasses on performance of transition dairy cows during late summer in 2 trials. In early September, cows were randomly assigned to betaine (BET) or control (CON) groups either shortly after dry off (trial 1; n = 10 per treatment) or 24 d before calving (trial 2; n = 8 per treatment) based on parity and previous mature equivalent milk yield. Cows were fed common diets supplemented either with a liquid supplement made of molasses from sugar cane and condensed beet solubles containing betaine [BET, 89.1 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] or a sugar cane molasses-based liquid supplement without betaine (CON) until 8 wk postpartum. The liquid supplements had similar nutrient contents and were fed at a rate of 1.1 and 1.4 kg DM/d for pre- and postpartum cows, respectively. Starting at their entry in the studies, cows were housed in the same freestall barn without a cooling system. After calving, all cows were housed in the same barn cooled by misters and fans and milked thrice daily. Intake was recorded daily and body weight and body condition score were assessed every 2 wk. Milk yield was recorded at each milking and composition was analyzed weekly. Blood samples were collected weekly from a subset of cows to assess concentrations of metabolites and AA. No treatment effects were apparent for DM intake and body weight in the prepartum and postpartum periods. For cows enrolled at dry off, BET supported higher milk yield (45.1 vs. 41.9 kg/d) and fat content (4.78 vs. 4.34%) and elevated plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in early lactation compared to CON. However, no differences were observed for milk yield, most milk component contents and yields, and blood metabolites between treatments for cows enrolled during the close-up period. Compared to cows in the CON group, BET cows enrolled during the far-off period tended to have lower plasma concentrations of Met, Thr, and Trp during the pre- and postpartum periods. They also had lower plasma concentrations of Lys and Phe before calving but higher plasma Gly concentration after parturition. In conclusion, feeding a betaine-containing liquid supplement from far-off through early lactation improves lactation performance but increases adipose tissue mobilization and production of ketone bodies in early lactation.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定枸杞中甜菜碱

建立固相萃取液相色谱法净化和测定枸杞中甜菜碱的分析方法。方法采用混合型阳离子交换小柱(WatersOasis MCX)净化枸杞样品提取液,使用Atlantis HILIC 色谱柱,以乙腈- 水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在195nm 波长处检测。结果表明,线性范围为0.2～5.0mg/mL,方法检出限为0.0066mg/mL,平均回收率为88.3%～104%。本方法能简便、快速、准确地检测枸杞中甜菜碱。     

高级羊绒洗涤剂的研制

将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯盐（ＡＥＳ）烷基醇酰胺（６５０１）甜菜碱溶于水中,再加入其它助剂,制得羊绒洗涤剂,实验确定了最佳组分配比。     

外源甜菜碱与褪黑素复合处理对龙眼果实贮藏性能的影响

目的 研究不同浓度甜菜碱与褪黑素复合处理对采后龙眼果实冷藏的保鲜效果,以期为龙眼贮藏保鲜新技术提供理论参考。方法 以‘储良’龙眼为实验材料,分别采用0、5、10、15 mmol/L的甜菜碱与300 mmol/L的褪黑素复配制成保鲜剂处理果实。在温度为4 ℃、相对湿度为85%条件下贮藏,研究其冷藏期间质量损失率及可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、抗坏血酸(VC)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果 与300 mmol/L褪黑素对照组相比,复合保鲜剂能有效减少龙眼果实水分、TSS、TA、VC和游离脯氨酸含量的损失,使龙眼果肉保持较高的SOD、CAT活性(P<0.05),而POD活性和MDA含量维持在较低水平。结论 300 mmol/L褪黑素+10 mmol/L甜菜碱处理对龙眼的冷藏保鲜效果最佳。     

雪莲菌发酵提高枸杞原浆甜菜碱含量的工艺优化及品质分析

该研究以混合菌种雪莲菌为发酵菌种,枸杞原浆中甜菜碱含量为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对雪莲菌发酵枸杞原浆进行工艺优化,并对发酵后的枸杞原浆进行品质分析。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为雪莲菌接种量5%（m/V）,发酵时间48 h,发酵温度25 ℃,此条件下甜菜碱含量为18.95 mg/mL,比未发酵枸杞原浆甜菜碱含量增加2.54倍,总酚含量为2.03 mg/mL、黄酮含量为0.68 mg/mL、总糖含量为11.92 mg/mL。雪莲菌发酵后枸杞原浆中共检测出65种挥发性成分,包括21种醇类、27种酯类、1种醛类、1种酮类、8种酸类、3种烷类、2种酚类和2种烯类,与发酵前相比新增24种,且醇类、酯类和酸类物质较发酵前显著性增加,挥发性成分总含量由8.94 mg/mL增加至39.76 mg/mL,为制备高品质枸杞原浆提供理论依据,为枸杞产业化深加工提供指导。     

甜菜碱对聚异戊二烯橡胶性能的影响简

探讨甜菜碱(三甲铵乙内酯,天然橡胶非胶组分)对聚异戊二烯橡胶(IR)硫化特性、强伸性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:与未加甜菜碱的IR相比,添加甜菜碱的IR硫化速度显著提高,交联密度增大,强伸性能改善,热稳定性能略有提高;当甜菜碱用量为0.5份时,IR的综合性能最佳。     

Combined biological treatment of high‐sulphate wastewater from yeast production

The wastewater from baker's yeast production contains above‐average concentrations of organic pollutants (25 000 mg/L total chemical oxygen demand, TCOD), nutrients (1500 mg/L N_tot, 100 mg/L P_tot) and sulphate (2900 mg/L SO₄^2?). Baker's yeast wastewater with a flow rate of 190 m³/day was treated in a mesophilic anaerobic/anoxic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. At the expense of the reduction of trimethylglycine (or betaine‐component of sugar‐beet molasses) to other nitrogen‐containing compounds, it was possible to re‐oxidize the sulphides to elemental sulphur, remove them from the wastewater and increase biogas production. Therefore, the average removal efficiency in the anaerobic/anoxic system was 79% by TCOD, 100% by SO₄^2? in which the concentration of sulphides in the effluent did not exceed 50 mg/L. The application of this combined anaerobic/anoxic system to a full‐scale treatment plant supported biogas production up to 1300 m³/day, and the purification of wastewater was feasible without the use of granular sludge.