A hybrid extended finite element/level set method for modeling phase transformations

A hybrid numerical method for modelling the evolution of sharp phase interfaces on fixed grids is presented. We focus attention on two‐dimensional solidification problems, where the temperature field evolves according to classical heat conduction in two subdomains separated by a moving freezing front. The enrichment strategies of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X‐FEM) are employed to represent the jump in the temperature gradient that governs the velocity of the phase boundary. A new approach with the X‐FEM is suggested for this class of problems whereby the partition of unity is constructed with C¹(Ω) polynomials and enriched with a C⁰(Ω) function. This approach leads to jumps in temperature gradient occurring only at the phase boundary, and is shown to significantly improve estimates for the front velocity. Temporal derivatives of the temperature field in the vicinity of the phase front are obtained with a projection that employs discontinuous enrichment. In conjunction with a finer finite difference grid, the Level Set method is used to represent the evolution of the phase interface. An iterative procedure is adopted to satisfy the constraints on the temperature field on the phase boundary. The robustness and utility of the method is demonstrated with several benchmark problems of phase transformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid LES — Review and assessment

In the late eighties and up to the beginning of nineties computation of turbulent flows is mostly dominated by RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation) type modelling. During the last few years URANS (Unsteady RANS) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation) type of approaches have been attempted with some success. Yet, there have been many difficulties when LES is applied to practical engineering problems and to high Reynolds number flows as energy dissipating eddies become really small and mesh resolution required for a reasonably resolved LES approaches that of DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation). An alternative solution suggested was to combine RANS and LES, which in general referred to as Hybrid LES. There have been many proposals for combining RANS and LES in different ways. In this article, some of the issues involved in performing hybrid LES reported in the recent literature is briefly reviewed.     

织构对铟凸点剪切强度的影响

制作了2种形式的铟凸点：即直接蒸发沉积的铟柱和将铟柱回流得到的铟球。同时对比了铟柱和铟球2种凸点的剪切强度，测试结果表明铟球剪切强度为5.6MPa，铟柱的剪切强度为1.9MPa，前者约为后者的2.9倍。对铟凸点微观结构的X光衍射分析发现：铟柱剪切强度低是织构弱化所致；铟球剪切强度高是由于回流破坏了铟柱的理想（101）丝织构模式，从而提高了铟球的剪切强度。     

Influence of Ni Interlayers on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V/(WC-Co) Friction Welds

Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding of Ti6Al4V base material to three cemented carbide substrates. The fracture strength of Ti6Al4V/(WC-6 wt% Co) welds were poor and were markedly improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding. These results were only produced when the (WC-6 wt% Co) cermet was electroplated prior to friction welding. When the Ti6Al4V alloy was electroplated prior to friction welding, fractured WC particles and cracking were observed in the (WC-Co) carbide substrate. The fracture strengths of Ti6Al4V/(WC-11 wt% Co) and Ti6Al4V/(WC-24 wt% Co) welds were not improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to friction welding. During mechanical testing, the Ni layer retained at the dissimilar joint interface created a region of weakness.     

单片机软件模拟SPI接口的解决方案

SPI接口是一种同步串行通讯接口，具备SPI接口的外围芯片十分丰富，应用非常广泛。但是，具备SPI接口的单片机种类较少。介绍了一种基于单片机的模拟SPI接口的方法，使没有SPI接口的单片机扩展带有SPI接口的外围芯片成为现实。     

Polarity control of GaN epilayers grown on ZnO templates

We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-deposited on c-sapphire. Prior to GaN growth, NH₃ is exposed onto the ZnO template. The polarity of the GaN layers is confirmed by etching of the surface and by conversion beam electron diffraction (CBED), while the O-polar ZnO is confirmed by CBED. It is suggested that the NH₃ pre-exposure helps form a Zn₃N₂ layer, which possesses inversion symmetry and inverts the crystal from anion polar to cation polar.     

Al-Cu双金属复合结构的扩散连接试验研究

应用扩散连方法进行了Al-Cu双金属复合结构的试验研究，比较了不同的焊接工艺，材料组合以及母材状态情况Al合金与Cu的连接性，观察了接头区域的微观组织结构，研究表明，固相扩散连接是一种适用于异种材料连接的有效方法，通过在连接区域形成Al-Cu金属间化合物，达到Al和Cu的有效连接，材料组合，母材原始状态以及连接工艺参数对Al合金与Cu的扩散连接存在着明显的影响。表面镀Ni工艺不但能够有效阻止Al和Cu之间形成脆性相，而且Al和Ni之间形成了良好的扩散连接，改善了接头性能。     

TPS/TDC3000系统串口通讯的规划与应用

针对TPS/TDC30 0 0系统串口通讯方式、机理进行了一般性的介绍 ,对规划与应用中常见的的问题 ,根据实际工程应用经验提出了解决方案。     

苏北及邻区前志留基础层的综合地球物理研究

在前新生代油气资源选区评价中，前志留面之下未变质沉积地层（简称前志留基础层）的分布具有重要的参考价值。从提高纵向分辨率的处理和反演技术的应用入手，结合约束条件,利用大地电磁测深数据反演,揭示前志留面等界面的埋深和分布；同时应用小波分析技术，从磁场中分解出区域磁异常，反演结晶基底的埋深。通过这2个界面埋深的差异来分析前志留基础层的分布     

Surface electronic states in metal-porous silicon-silicon structures

The character of electronic states in porous silicon (PS)-Si, Pd-PS interfaces, and/or PS bulk at the formation of the metal-PS-silicon heterostructure was studied. The energy parameters were estimated using the deep-level transient spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage characteristics at the accounting of the voltage drop distribution along the structure. The analytical expression for voltage drop distribution along dielectric layer, porous layer and space charge region in silicon was obtained by solving the equation for continuity of the electrostatic induction vector. The electronic states studied were shown to manifest the quasi-continuous sub-band in the energy gap if the porous layer was 30-nm thick. Their density increased, as the energy position was being transformed to a deeper energy level of E_v+0.81 eV at the PS layer growing to 90 nm wide.