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31.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(17):26675-26681
DyCrxFe(1-x)O3 (0 ≤ x ≥ 0.4) nanoparticles were prepared using facile chemical route. Structural and morphological evaluation was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy. Formation of orthorhombic DyFeO3 nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD with crystallite size of 9–10 nm. FESEM images revealed nearly spherical morphology of the fabricated nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique was employed to confirm the presence of Dy, Cr, Fe and O elements in DyCrxFe(1-x)O3 nanoparticles. FTIR studies illustrated the presence of characteristics stretching and bending vibrations. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to analyze the photocatalytic performance of the DyFeO3 and Cr-substituted DyFeO3 nanoparticles and optical band gap measurements. Photocatalytic activities of the prepared substituted and un-substituted DyFeO3 nanoparticles were conducted using three different dyes. These dyes were (i) methyl orange, (ii) rhodamine B and (iii) methylene blue. Lower band gap and higher photocatalytic performance was observed for Cr-substituted DyFeO3 nanoparticles with methylene blue dye. 相似文献
32.
在内外层算法的基础上,采用联立方程思想将主塔、侧线汽提塔视为一个整体进行建模,并针对复杂炼油塔的特点对算法提出了改进。首先,由于传统内外层法简化的K值模型对组成的变化不敏感,在处理带有石油的体系时,容易出现迭代次数较多,甚至部分塔板温度更新异常的问题,因此采用了汽相分数加和式推导了简化的K值模型加权因子。其次,借鉴流量加和法思想,规定侧线汽提塔的塔底产品流量作为设计变量,增强了算法收敛的稳定性。为验证改进后算法的有效性,采用不同的算法对实际的常压塔进行了模拟,结果显示改进后的算法适合应用于复杂炼油塔的模拟计算。 相似文献
33.
化学转化膜是金属表面主要的处理方法之一,具备良好的附着力和耐蚀性,能为铝合金提供一定的临时防护。传统的六价铬酸盐化学转化膜在日渐严苛的环保压力下已经逐渐淘汰,取而代之的是近几年发展迅猛的三价铬及无铬锆基化学转化膜。铝合金可分为铸造铝合金和变形铝合金,按照所含主要合金元素和热处理状态可分为若干个系列和型号。本文选取几种典型的变形铝合金,综述了不同铝合金微观组织对转化膜成膜过程的影响,化学转化液添加剂、预处理和后处理工艺对转化膜性能的调控及作用机理,以及几种典型商业钝化剂在变形铝合金表面的应用。总结了目前变形铝合金表面锆基化学转化膜仍面临的问题和发展趋势,未来化学转化膜需在满足新型铝合金发展要求的基础上,通过不同有机、无机添加剂以及外场作用对转化膜的成膜均一性、完整性进行调控,以提高转化膜的综合性能。 相似文献
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Hot-dip galvanizing is a standard technology to produce coated steel strips. The primary objective of the galvanizing process is to establish a homogeneous zinc layer with a defined thickness. One condition to achieve this objective is a uniform transverse distance between the strip and the gas wiping dies, which blow off excessive liquid zinc. Therefore, a flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies is required. However, strips processed in such plants often exhibit residual curvatures which entail unknown flatness defects of the strip. Such flatness defects cause non-uniform air gaps and hence an inhomogeneous zinc coating thickness. Modern hot-dip galvanizing lines often use electromagnets to control the transverse strip profile near the gas wiping dies. Typically, the control algorithms ensure a flat strip profile at the electromagnets because the sensors for the transverse strip displacement are also located at this position and it is unfeasible to mount displacement sensors directly at the gas wiping dies. This brings along that in general a flatness defect remains at the gas wiping dies, which in turn entails a suboptimal coating.In this paper, a model-based method for a feedforward control of the strip profile at the position of the gas wiping dies is developed. This method is based on a plate model of the axially moving strip that takes into account the flatness defects in the strip. First, an estimator of the flatness defects is developed and validated for various test strips and settings of the plant. Using the validated mathematical model, a simulation study is performed to compare the state-of-the-art control approach (flat strip profile at the electromagnets) with the optimization-based feedforward controller (flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies) proposed in this paper. Moreover, the influence of the distance between the gas wiping dies and the electromagnets is investigated in detail. 相似文献
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反应堆屏蔽计算中经常出现厚屏蔽、小探测器问题,常规蒙特卡罗方法难以有效解决。基于自动重要抽样(AIS)方法,本文提出了小探测器自动重要抽样(SDAIS)方法,并针对小探测器问题,优化了AIS方法的虚粒子赌分裂算法。该方法在自主开发的蒙特卡罗屏蔽程序MCShield上进行了实现。使用NUREG/CR-6115 PWR基准题验证该方法的正确性和计算效率。结果表明,SDAIS方法可有效地解决厚屏蔽小探测器问题,相比AIS方法及传统的重要性方法,计算效率提升1~2个量级。 相似文献
39.
不同给液方式对铜电解过程中有重要的影响,不同的循环方式会影响槽内温度分布、电解液成分及阳极泥沉降等,因此,根据铜电解生产不同情况的需要,分析对比了多种给液方式在贵冶电解车间的应用,总结了这几种给液方式的优缺点和适用条件。 相似文献
40.
A 2D computational fluid dynamics (Eulerian–Eulerian) multiphase flow model coupled with a population balance model (CFD-PBM) was implemented to investigate the fluidization structure in terms of entrance region in an industrial-scale gas phase fluidized bed reactor. The simulation results were compared with the industrial data, and good agreement was observed. Two cases including perforated distributor and complete sparger were applied to examine the flow structure through the bed. The parametric sensitivity analysis of time step, number of node, drag coefficient, and specularity coefficient was carried out. It was found that the results were more sensitive to the drag model. The results showed that the entrance configuration has significant effect on the flow structure. While the dead zones are created in both corners of the distributors, the perforated distributor generates more startup bubbles, heterogeneous flow field, and better gas–solid interaction above the entrance region due to jet formation. 相似文献