马来酸酐熔融接枝LDPE的性能

采用熔融接枝法制备了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)与马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物,通过调整反应物的用量及反应条件控制接枝率。随着MAH及引发剂用量的增加,接枝率呈先增大后降低的趋势。低剪切速率时,接枝物的最大初始剪切黏度达4750 Pa·s,远高于纯LDPE;高剪切速率时,接枝物的剪切黏度与纯LDPE趋于相同,约500 Pa·s。接枝物的拉伸强度在8 MPa左右,同纯LDPE接近,断裂伸长率略有下降。     

NBR/PCMO共混体系中的接枝反应

利用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪和相差显微镜等仪器对NBR／氯化聚醚(PCMO)共混物的化学结构和微观形态进行分析。研究表明，NBR／PCMO共混物在高温混炼过程中发生了接枝反应，接枝产物起到了相容剂的作用，增大了两相的相容性，从而提高了共混物的物理性能、耐热空气老化性能及耐臭氧老化性能。     

接枝淀粉共聚物的合成与应用

介绍了接枝淀粉共聚物的合成方法及应用领域，回顾了我国近年来在该领域所取得的可喜进展。     

Enzymatic degradation of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) grafted to carboxymethylcellulose copolymers

The enzymatic degradation of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) copolymers with a cellulasic preparation (Trichoderma viride) was studied. The enzymatic activity of the cellulasic preparation against CMC and the grafted copolymers was determined by the Petterson–Porath method, while their reduced viscosity variation in the presence of the same preparation was also followed. It has been shown that the enzymatic degradation behavior depends on the copolymer composition and the reaction temperature. Reducing sugars analysis showed that the experimental values for the grafted copolymers were higher than the calculated ones. At 50°C, the enzymatic reaction is completed in about 20 min for the copolymers, whereas for CMC it takes more than 40 min. It can be concluded that their enzymatic degradation is facilitated by the presence of the PNIPAM grafts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1383–1386, 2003     

聚乳酸的改性及应用进展

综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的改性进展。改性方法分为化学改性和物理改性。化学改性包括共聚、交联、表面修饰等，主要是通过改变聚合物大分子或表面结构改善其脆性、疏水性及降解速率等；物理改性主要是通过共混、增塑及纤维复合等方法实现对聚乳酸的改进。     

UHMWPE混炼接枝马来酸酐研究

讨论了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)混炼接枝马来酸酐(MAH)过程中，单体MAH用量、引发剂DCP用量、交联抑制剂己内酰胺(CAILA)用量、流动改性剂硬脂酸钙(CaSt2)用量及混炼温度、时间等工艺条件对UHMWPE接枝率和凝胶含量的影响。用红外光谱表征了接枝物的存在。并用滴定分析法和重量分析法测定了接枝物UHMWPE～g～MAH的接枝率和凝胶含量。实验表明，MAH用量为5份、DCP为0．15份、CALA为0．1份、CaSt2为1份时。混炼温度175∽180℃。混炼时间14min时，可得到接枝率0．75％、凝胶含量1．48%的UHMWPE接枝物。     

几种阳离子度PDA共聚物的合成

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和工业单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠(RH)复合物为引发体系,采取一次性加料方法,以特征黏度为考核指标,对几种阳离子度二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺的共聚物PDA进行了制备工艺研究。通过正交优化等实验方法考察了单体起始质量分数、引发剂用量和聚合反应温度3个因素对选定的每一种阳离子度PDA共聚合反应结果的影响,得到了制备系列化具不同阳离子度PDA的各自最佳点的制备工艺条件,比较了在各阳离子度条件下,最佳制备工艺点时单体起始质量分数、引发剂用量和聚合反应温度的变化规律。结果表明,对于制备5%、10%、20%、30%和50%阳离子度的PDA产物,当单体起始质量分数分别为16%、18%、25%、35%和65%,引发剂用量占单体的质量分数分别为8.62×10-5、8.82×10-5、7.35×10-5、5.40×10-5和9.19×10-5,聚合反应温度分别为25、30、30、30℃和25℃时,特征黏度可分别达到17.0、15.0、11.6、9.0 dL/g和6.2 dL/g。此外还对共聚产物PDA进行了红外光谱结构表征。该工艺简单方便、清洁安全,适合于工业化生产。     

Water-soluble Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Monomer Reactivity at High Conversions

Homogeneous copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) which form clear aqueous solutions were prepared by free radical polymerization in a solution of isopropanol alcohol, using 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. They were characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and element analysis studies. The reactivity ratios of the monomer were computed by the Extended Kelen–Tüdós method at high conversions, using data from both ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis studies. The reactivity ratios of VP and VA in a homogenous copolymer were observed to be very different from that of a heterogeneous copolymer. Additional information was obtained by finding out the sequence length distribution for copolymers.     

Preparation and properties of compatibilized PVC/SMA‐g‐PA6 blends

The morphology and mechanical properties of PVC/SMA‐g‐PA6 blends were investigated in this paper. Graft to polymer SMA‐g‐PA6 was prepared via a solution graft reaction between SMA and PA6. FTIR test evidences the occurrence of the graft reaction between SMA and PA6. DSC analysis shows that SMA‐g‐PA6 has a lower melting point of 187°C, which may result in a decrease in crystallinity of PA6 and thus enable efficient blending of SMA‐g‐PA6 and PVC. Compatibilization was evidenced by the dramatic increase in mechanical properties, the smaller particle size and finer dispersion of PA6 in PVC matrix, and, further, a cocontinuous morphology at 16 wt % SMA‐g‐PA6 content. SMA‐g‐PA6 from the solution graft reaction can toughen and reinforce PVC material. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 432–439, 2004     

HDPE新牌号树脂的研究

根据扬子石化公司开发HDPE新牌号产品的生产经验,从分子量及分子量分布与树脂性能的关系、密度对HDPE性能的影响、HDPE的共聚改性、HDPE的共混改性、添加剂与HDPE改性等5个方面讨论了HDPE新牌号产品开发的方法。