退火温度对碳基全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

碳基全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池(carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells, C-PSCs)由于成本低、热稳定性好等优点逐渐引起人们的广泛关注,然而其效率要远低于传统的钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells, PSCs)。通过调控CsPbI₂Br薄膜的退火温度,改善薄膜质量。利用SEM、XRD表征分析了钙钛矿薄膜微观形貌以及物相结构,发现升高退火温度可有效提高CsPbI₂Br薄膜的结晶性从而减少其表面的孔洞。升高钙钛矿薄膜的退火温度,器件的光伏性能有显著提高,短路电流密度(J_sc)从8.84 mA·cm^-2提高至12.14 mA·cm^-2,开路电压(V_oc)从0.93 V提高至1.06 V,最终能量转换效率(PCE)从2.75%提高至7.63%。研究结果表明,优化钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备工艺可以有效提高其光伏性能。     

加工助剂ZD-4在全钢载重子午线轮胎三角胶中的应用

摘要：研究加工助剂ZD-4在全钢载重子午线轮胎三角胶中的应用。结果表明,加工助剂ZD-4能够显著提高胶料中炭黑的分散性,改善胶料的挤出性能,提高硫化胶抗硫化返原能力,减少三角胶半成品喷霜现象的发生,但对硫化胶耐热老化性能和耐疲劳性能稍有不利影响;使用加工助剂ZD-4的成品轮胎耐久性能和高速性能提高。     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。     

无机光催化技术研究进展

光催化技术是一种新兴高效节能的污水处理技术。从光催化反应机理人手,对光催化技术在无机污染物的处理、无机合成中的应用,以及提高半导体光催化剂活性的途径作了综述。     

金属填料内空气热湿处理的热质传递

推导出描述金属填料内部以湿空气与冷水的温差和水蒸气分压力差为驱动力的热质传递过程的微分方程组,求得了该微分方程组的数值解,利用实验数据对数值解进行了验证。分析了单位面积空气、冷水质量流量和进口冷水温度对金属填料热质传递性能的影响。     

Water‐soluble urethane acrylate ionomers: Effect of molecular structure on ultraviolet coating properties

Water‐soluble urethane acrylate ionomers containing dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) were synthesized, changing the molecular components, and their ultraviolet (UV) coating properties were studied. It was found that the UV coating properties of the urethane acrylate ionomer films were very dependent on the molecular weight of the soft segment, the type of the diisocyanate, and the amount of neutralization. In general observations, the cured films displayed much improved mechanical properties, compared with conventional urethane acrylate film not containing ionic groups. The main reason for the improved film properties seemed to be attributed to the presence of ionic groups in the network. In dynamic mechanical analysis, two distinct glass transition temperatures, corresponding to the ionic hard domains and soft domains, were detected at high content of ionic groups. This suggested that the urethane acrylate network be composed of two phases. Consequently, the ionic hard domains formed by the phase separation from crosslinked network could act as a reinforcing filler, which possibly explains the improved film properties of the urethane acrylate ionomer films. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1853–1860, 2000     

An investigation of the friction and wear behaviors of micrometer copper particle‐ and nanometer copper particle‐filled polyoxymethylene composites

Micrometer and nanometer copper particle‐filled polyoxymethylene composites (coded as POM‐micro Cu and POM‐nano Cu, respectively) were prepared by compression molding. The compression strength and tensile strength of the composites were evaluated with a DY35 universal materials tester. An RFT‐III reciprocating friction and wear tester was used to examine the tribological properties of the composites. The elemental compositions in the transfer films and the chemical states of the elements in the composite‐worn surfaces were analyzed with electron probe microanalysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the surface morphologies were observed with scanning electron microscopy. It was found that Cu( CH₂ O )_n was produced in sliding of a POM‐nano Cu pin against an AISI 1045 steel block and Cu₂O was produced in sliding of a POM‐micro Cu pin against the same counterface. POM‐micro Cu exhibited higher copper concentration in the transfer film compared with POM‐nano Cu, and the transfer film of the former was thick and patchy compared with that of the latter. It was also found that micrometer and nanometer copper particles as fillers in POM exhibit a distinctive size effect in modifying the wear mechanisms of the composites. In other words, the wear mechanism of POM‐micro Cu is mainly scuffing and adhesion, while that of POM‐nano Cu is mainly plastic deformation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2404–2410, 2000     

基于Grabcut分割和填充物面积判别的复合绝缘子断串诊断

针对传统 GrabCut 算法需要人工初始化而引起图像分割效率低的问题,结合Otsu方法,提出了一种新的Grabcut自动化算法对复合绝缘子进行分割。首先,对原始图像进行HSV空间转换和加权的灰度化处理。其次,对V通道图像和灰度化后的图像进行Otsu分割并进行或逻辑融合,以此来确定目标绝缘子区域,并结合最大连通域定位绝缘子位置坐标完成Grabcut框取初始化,实现Grabcut的自动化。最后,针对绝缘子断串判别准确率低的问题,通过对绝缘子分割图像的最小外接矩形加框、填充、去原图的方式,提出一种新的面积判别方式来诊断并定位故障位置。实验结果表明：Grabcut自动化算法可以很好地分割出目标绝缘子,分割准确率可以达到96.6%以上。所提出的面积判别方法对于具有断串故障的绝缘子检测率可以达到96.6%以上,对于无故障的误检率为6.7%以下。     

填料中锌含量和焊接温度对SiC/Al复合材料接头性能的影响

通过烧结铝粉和碳化硅微粒制备SiC/Al复合材料,以组成(质量分数/%)分别为Al-20SiC、Al-20SiC-20Zn、Al-20 SiC-40Zn的填料作为中间层材料,在420,520,600℃焊接温度下对复合材料进行扩散焊接,研究了填料中锌含量与焊接温度对复合材料接头性能的影响。结果表明:在420℃焊接后,接头附近的锌呈明显团聚状态,而在520,600℃焊接后,接头附近未见锌团聚现象,较高的焊接温度有助于锌的均匀扩散;采用Al-20SiC-40Zn填料并在520℃焊接后,接头发生了氧化,形成明显的裂纹;采用Al-20SiC-20Zn填料焊接后试样的剪切强度大于采用Al-20SiC和Al-20SiC-40Zn填料的,且随着焊接温度的升高而增大;随着填料中锌含量的增加,接头的硬度提高,且均高于母材的;接头的硬度随着焊接温度的升高而增大,但增幅减小。