Revisiting Anna O.: A case of chemical dependence.

The famous clinical case of Anna O./Bertha Pappenheim, who was treated by Breuer from 1880 to 1882 and whose pathology was discussed by him and Freud in an 1895 article (J. Breuer & S. Freud, 1895/1955), is reviewed based on biographical information regarding the patient, which appeared from 1953 onward. The objective of this article is to show that, in order to better understand the case, the diagnosis of chloral hydrate and morphine dependence, as well as that of mood disorder (primary or drug induced), has to be taken into account. The method used is a careful literature review. The conclusion is that, based on all available data disclosed in recent years, these 3 diagnoses should be considered in this case, which is the most studied one in the history of psychoanalysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Individual differences in core affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment.

How people's feelings change across time can be represented as trajectories in a core affect space defined by the dimensions of valence and activation. In this article, the authors analyzed individual differences in within-person affective variability defined as characteristics of core affect trajectories, introducing new ways to conceptualize affective variability. In 2 studies, participants provided multiple reports across time describing how they were feeling in terms of core affect. From these data, characteristics of participants' core affect trajectories were derived. Across both studies, core affect variability was negatively related to average valence, self-esteem, and agreeableness, and it was positively related to neuroticism and depression. Moreover, spin, a measure of how much people experienced qualitatively different feelings within the core affect space, was related more consistently to trait measures of adjustment and personality than other measures of within-person variability, including widely used measures of within-person single-dimension standard deviations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Drugs and placebos: The effects of instructions upon performance and mood under amphetamine sulfate and chloral hydrate.

The experiment reports the effects of appropriate and inappropriate instructions and 2 drugs (.5 g chloral hydrate and 10 mg racemic amphetamine sulphate) on motor performance and mood measures. The Ss were 90 older men randomly assigned to 9 experimental groups. The design used was expansion of a model design involving Drug Disguised groups, Placebo groups (300 mg lactose), an Untreated group, and Amphetamine, Chloral Hydrate, and Neutral instructions. The drugs and placebos were given to the Ss in capsules, and all Ss received orange juice, which was also the vehicle for the disguise. The Untreated group received orange juice only. Instructions alone affected performance, but had little or no effect on mood. Instructions appropriate to the presumed drug effects produced performance deterioration on the simple motor tasks used. Instructions inappropriate to the presumed drug effects counteracted much of the drug produced decrement. A slight decrement in performance was found in the Placebo group which received Amphetamine instruction. Amphetamine treated Ss produced reports of greater comfort on the mood index than did chloral hydrate. On the other hand, the chloral hydrate instructions resulted in greater comfort than the Amphetamine instructions. There was no interaction between drug effects and instructional effects. The 2 Placebo groups did not differ significantly on the mood index. The effects of instructions on mood were found only when the drug was present. Several suggestions are offered for further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

如何缓解学生在听力过程中的紧张情绪

本篇论文针对英语听力练习中学生容易出现紧张等影响听力效果的消极情绪这一现象提出了几点建议,从教材选择、练习方式、评价方式等六个方面着手以缓解这一现象。     

基于可变模糊集的研究型大学教学质量评价研究

针对研究型大学建设工程类课堂教学特点,从＂学评教＂角度构建了研究型大学课堂教学质量评价指标体系,应用语气算子与定量标度相对隶属度关系确定各指标权重,利用可变模糊集理论与评价模型对课堂教学质量进行定量评价。通过评价实例说明可变模糊集评价模型的原理与计算步骤,印证应用该模型的可行性和有效性。     

Neurofeedback Treatment of College Students' Test on Anxiety, Depression, Personality, and Mood

Biofeedback is used to treat the mental diseases of college students, such as test anxiety, depression, personality, and mood. Anxiety of the colleague students was first tested by test anxiety scale （TAS） and then treated by biofeedback. After getting the biofeedback treatment, the students＇ TAS scores, blood volume pulse, and skin conductance were decreased, especially, their TAS scores dropped markedly. Meanwhile, the level of EEG （61 rhythm/a rhythm） and peripheral temperature increased observably. Then, neurofeedbaek （β1 rhythm/α rhythm） was applied to treat students＇ depression, personality, and mood. As a result, these three kinds of symptoms got alleviated. And their therapeutic effects based on neurofeedback were more stable, durative and less reerudescent.     

非典型条件句的虚拟语气分析

虚拟语气是英语的一种重要语法,由if引导的非真实条件从句是典型的虚拟语气结构．但是,虚拟语气涉及的范围很广,笔者将诸多的不含典型条件句虚拟语气归类为以单词、短语、句子及其他方法表现出来的4种形式．掌握非典型条件句的虚拟语气是学好虚拟语气的重要条件,也是学好英语语法的关键之一．