硅胶负载氧化锆除氟吸附剂的制备

应用浸渍法制备了硅胶负载氧化锆除氟吸附剂,用正交实验设计安排实验,获得了最佳制备条件。讨论了制备条件如浸渍固液比、浸渍液浓度和温度、浸渍时间和浸渍次数的影响。浸渍液固液比对吸附剂吸附量有较大影响。浸渍液浓度大于0.10 mol/L后吸附剂的吸附量增加缓慢。浸渍2 h后可达到浸渍平衡。浸渍温度高则吸附量变大,多次浸渍可较大幅度地提高吸附量。     

Reduction of NOx Stored at Low Temperatures on a NOx Adsorbing Catalyst

Isothermal storage and reduction of NO₂ with CO, C₃H₆ and H₂ as reducing agents on a lean NO _x adsorber was investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies. The reduction of NO _x was clearly favoured with H₂ as reducing agent. Carbon monoxide and C₃H₆ showed fairly low reduction of NO _x . The NO _x reduction at low temperatures with H₂ as reducing agent was found to be effective, clearly much more effective than for CO.     

复合SBR系统中同步硝化反硝化现象及其脱氮效果

研究了复合SBR系统对有机物和氮的去除过程及其效果。结果表明:在有氧条件下,存在着反硝化现象,即同步硝化反硝化作用。在试验条件下,当溶解氧为3～5mg/L时,总氮去除率可达80%,同时CODCr的去除率达95%。     

缺氧/好氧膜-生物反应器处理高浓度含碳和氮工业废水

采用缺氧 /好氧膜 生物反应器 (MBR)处理高浓度含碳和氮工业废水 ,在缺氧反应器的水力停留时间 (HRT)为 5h ,好氧MBR的HRT分别为 1 5、1 0、6h时 ,考察了系统的同时除碳脱氮性能。结果表明 ,好氧MBR的HRT在试验范围内对系统的处理效果没有明显影响 ,即使MBR的HRT降低到 6h,系统对化学需氧量 (COD)、氨氮和总氮的去除率仍可达到 94%、90 %和 73 %以上 ,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准 ;系统中的生物反应对有机物和氮的去除起主要作用 ,但膜对混合液上清液COD有一定去除 ,主要对相对分子质量大于 1 0万的有机物有截留 ;由于膜的高效截留作用 ,MBR中可保持高浓度的污泥量和高硝化活性 ,确保了硝化反应的高效进行     

国内四氧化三锰的生产工艺现状及发展方向

介绍了国内四氧化三锰的生产工艺种类、特点和四氧化三锰的行业现状,说明了今后行业的发展要点.     

Flexible and Autonomous Integrated System for Characterizing Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Response in Dynamic Environment

Characterization and calibration of gas sensor is a complex problem due to the dynamic behavior of gases and the limitations of current technology. This article reports a flexible, robust, and autonomous integrated system that is able to perform characterization on metal oxide-based gas sensors in dynamic environments. The system controls the concentration and flow of the relevant gases into the gas chamber and simultaneously measuring the sensor response. This feature allows the characterization of the sensor under continuous dynamic flow of gases similar to conditions on a robot or flow pipes. Several experiments have been performed on the system using hydrogen sulfide. The results provide information on the general characteristics of the sensor as well as its sensitivity. The noise levels were studied with different reference voltages. Overall, the results verify that the system is reliable and able to produce repeatable measurements.     

闸控河段氨氮浓度与主要影响因子的量化关系识别

闸门调度对河道内水流、底泥等环境要素具有强烈的扰动作用,闸控河段的水质变化过程较常规河道更为复杂。为了探析闸门调度在闸控河段水质演变中所起的作用,以槐店闸为研究对象,结合水闸调度影响实验与偏相关分析方法,识别了闸控河段氨氮浓度变化的主要影响因子;研制了考虑水闸调控作用的水动力模型和考虑内源释放的水质迁移转化模型,在大量情景模拟基础上构建了氨氮浓度变化率与主要影响因子的经验关系式。结果表明,在所选的9个指标中,闸前流速、上游来水浓度和闸门开度是氨氮浓度变化率的主要影响因子;水闸调度对氨氮浓度变化过程具有一定的影响,闸门大流量泄水使得闸后出流断面的氨氮浓度增加;氨氮浓度变化率与闸门开度、闸门开启个数、上游来水浓度之间呈对数关系,闸门开度的增大或开启个数的增多会使浓度变化率变小,来水浓度的增加会使浓度变化率逐步增大。     

紫色土丘陵区典型生态-水文单元径流与氮磷输移特征

通过对紫色土丘陵区典型农业-集镇-林地复合型小流域3次降雨-径流全过程的连续监测,测定了径流过程中泥沙含量和不同形态氮磷浓度,以期认识典型农村生态-水文单元降雨径流过程中氮磷迁移规律。结果表明：降雨-径流过程中悬浮泥沙的流失主要集中在径流前期,其峰值出现在雨强最大时;集镇径流污染的影响主要表现在径流前期,是径流前期铵态氮偏高的主因;降雨-径流过程中,颗粒态氮与可溶态氮比（PN/DN）、颗粒态磷与可溶态磷比（PP/DP）的峰值均出现在雨强较大时：其中 PN/DN 多小于1,而 PP/DP 范围为1.1~30.2,说明氮素流失主要通过可溶态的方式,而磷的迁移以颗粒态磷为主。因此在紫色丘陵区建议利用湿地植物与沉砂池等综合措施控制土壤侵蚀和非点源污染以保护当地生态环境安全。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus changes and optimal drainage time of flooded paddy field based on environmental factors

While many controlled irrigation and drainage techniques have been adopted in China, the environmental effects of these techniques require further investigation. This study was conducted to examine the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus of a flooded paddy water system after fertilizer application and at each growth stage so as to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage. Four treatments with different water level management methods at each growth stage were conducted under the condition of ten-day continuous flooding. Results show that the ammonia nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N ) concentration reached the peak value once the fertilizer was applied, and then decreased to a relatively low level seven to ten days later, and that the nitrate nitrogen (NO^-₃-N) concentration gradually rose to its peak value, which appeared later in subsurface water than in surface water. Continuous flooding could effectively reduce the concentrations of NH⁺₄-N, NO^-₃-N , and total phosphorus (TP) in surface water. However, the paddy water disturbance, in the process of soil surface adsorption and nitrification, caused NH⁺₄-N to be released and increased the concentrations of NH⁺₄-N and NO^-₃-N in surface water. A multi-objective controlled drainage model based on environmental factors was established in order to obtain the optimal drainage time at each growth stage and better guide the drainage practices of farmers. The optimal times for surface drainage are the fourth, sixth, fifth, and sixth days after flooding at the tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and milking stages, respectively.