模拟点蚀油气管线钢的拉伸性能

根据发生点腐蚀的油气管线基体有许多点蚀坑的特点,通过计算机产生随机数确定点蚀坑的位置,用小钻头打孔的方法模拟X60管线钢基体的多孔特征进行拉伸试验,测得其弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度,并将理论计算值与前二者进行比较和修正,给出了多孔钢材的抗拉强度与孔隙率的函数关系.结果表明,多孔钢材弹性模量的实测值随孔隙率的变化与理论预测结果较为吻合;钢材实测屈服强度也随着孔隙率的增加而减少,但在较高孔隙率时其减少趋势变缓;衰减速率的实测值略大于理论预测值;实测抗拉强度随孔隙率的变化曲线与屈服强度相似,但对孔隙率更敏感.     

Analysis and Reduction of Ultrasonic Pitting Defects on Hard Disk Surfaces

It has become of paramount importance to be able to perform failure analysis of defects on hard disk surfaces quickly and accurately. In this study, ultrasonic pitting defects on hard disk surfaces were investigated. A new electrical tagging pattern system, which directly translated the channel bits to magnetic transitions during writing of the magnetic pattern around a defect, was used in the failure analysis of magnetic recording disks to mark defective sectors. With the help of the Kerr magneto-effect, the defective sectors were effectively located for further failure analysis. Results of the failure analysis revealed that there was 30% to 40% loss of the recorded magnetic bit signal due to an increase in the gap between a recording head and a hard disk surface with ultrasonic pitting defects. The experiments performed indicated that low ultrasonic power for disk cleaning could reduce the ultrasonic pitting defects significantly. The maximum failure rate due to single-type ultrasonic pitting defects was reduced from 33.4% to 16.7%, while the maximum failure rate due to cluster-type ultrasonic pitting defects was reduced from 11.1% to 5%.     

田湾核电站循环水泵泵轴腐蚀问题及处理措施

江苏田湾核电站1、2号机组的循环冷却水泵在调试运行阶段出现了比较严重的腐蚀现象,其中泵轴尤为突出。根据泵轴腐蚀的不同特点,将其分为4个不同区域,从泵体结构、选材和工作环境等方面对这4个区域的腐蚀特征进行分析,找出了腐蚀原因,采取了更换密封盘根材料、加装淡水冲洗装置、在泵轴上安装牺牲阳极机构和泵轴腐蚀点的修补处理措施,恢复了泵轴的正常使用,同时尽可能改善其运行工况。运行表明,由于采取的措施行之有效,基本上消除了泵轴的腐蚀。     

阴/阳极电流密度对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜耐蚀性的影响

为了弄清铝合金微弧氧化重要参数对其耐点蚀和微硬度的影响,在氢氧化钠和硅酸钠溶液中,保持阳极电流密度为15A/dm2,制备了阴/阳极电流密度比在0.6～0.8之间的铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜.结果表明:阴/阳极电流密度比对陶瓷膜的抗点腐蚀性和硬度有很强的影响;不同阴/阳极电流密度比所制备的陶瓷膜微观结构差异较大,陶瓷膜抗点腐蚀性和硬度的不同是由这种微观结构差异所引起的.     

Stability of the passive state of Zr–Nb crystalline alloys

Stability of the passive state was assessed for pure Zr and four Zr–Nb alloys (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 at.% Nb) after 24 h exposure to naturally aerated 3.5% NaCl solution (pH = 6). Open circuit potential values indicated that all the Zr–Nb alloys studied and the pure Zr undergo spontaneous passivation due to spontaneously formed oxide film passivating the metallic surface. It also indicated that the addition of increasing Nb contents to pure Zr seems to improve the protection characteristics of its spontaneous oxides. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed an increase of the breakdown potential and the extent of the passive range following an increased niobium amount in the alloy. This leads to the conclusion that a progressive increase of niobium content positively affects the localized corrosion behaviour of the Zr–Nb alloys by enhancing the electrochemical stability of the passive film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed high impedance values for all the samples, and its increase on increased niobium content in the alloy indicated an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the spontaneous oxide film. The fit obtained suggests a single passive film present on the metal surface, with resistance improving with the increase of niobium amount in the alloy. All these electrochemical results show the beneficial effect of increasing niobium contents on the passive state stability of the Zr–Nb alloys.     

904L(N08904)不锈钢复合板腐蚀性能研究

本文对904L+14Cr1MoR(H)和904L+Q345R两种复合板675℃消应力退火热处理后进行了系统的腐蚀试验,结果表明:复层904L发生晶粒粗大化,晶间存在碳化物析出,抗腐蚀性能受热处理影响显著。ASTM G150法临界点蚀温度CPT≥40℃,一般不超过904L原始状态的CPT;ASTM 262B法腐蚀速率11 mm/a;GB/T4334E法腐蚀,试样弯曲外侧面无晶间裂纹出现。     

Effects of environmental factors on corrosion behavior of aluminum

Aluminum, used as a material for heat exchangers in air conditioners, often has problems of leakage of refrigerant on the Al surface due to corrosion. The problems originate from pitting corrosion of the Al in an external environment. To understand corrosion problems, it is necessary to study the corrosion behavior of Al in various environments. In this study, the effects of environmental factors on the corrosion behavior of Al were studied by the surface analysis and electrochemical testing in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions, with changes of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and concentration of Cl⁻ and S ions. Among the external environmental factors, the presence of oxygen and the increase of Cl⁻ ion concentration do not significantly affect the corrosion potential of Al, leading to an increase of only 1.1 and 6 times, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the corrosion resistance of Al, approximately 40 and 800 times, respectively, with the increase of concentration of S and temperature.     

Effect of tunnel structure on the specific capacitance of etched aluminum foil

The morphology of etched aluminum foil was observed using scanning electron microscopy, which led to the establishment of a cylindrical model and two merged models, considering the fixed weight loss of etching. The maximum of specific capacitance and the cor- responding optimum values for tunnel sizes at various anodization voltages were predicted. The increased size distribution and taper of tun- nels were demonstrated to decrease the specific capacitance, whereas the addition of polymeric additive into the ttmnel widening solution was demonstrated to increase the capacitance. The formation of merged tunnels on the etched aluminum surface, irrespective of the presence of row-merged tunnels or cluster-merged tunnels, resulted in a dramatic decrease in the specific capacitance. It is concluded that, enhancing the uniformity of turmel size and distribution and avoiding the formation of merged tunnels are the effective approach to achieving the higher capacitance for the tunnel etched and formed aluminum foil.