中压蒸汽管道焊接质量统计分析及建议

中压蒸汽管道作为工厂的公用管网的组成部分,在生产中起着非常重要的作用,其主要用于压缩机蒸汽透平等关键工艺单元,除了对材料有特殊要求外,还要求运行可靠、管内高度洁净,因此对焊接质量提出了更高要求。结合齐鲁石化公司煤代油技术改造工程的中压蒸汽管道的施工,就焊接质量用统计分析的方法,对焊接产生的气孔、夹渣、未焊透等缺陷产生的原因及采取的控制措施进行了分析,并就今后的焊接质量控制提出建议。     

LNG冷量优化集成利用技术

我国将相继在沿海地区建成多个LNG接收站，每年将进口数以千万吨计的LNG，同时携带数着巨额冷量，而这些冷量可用于发电、空气分离、制造干冰、低温冷库等众多领域。基于国外LNG冷量利用现状，指出我国即将展开和实施此项技术还存在着：过程火用损较大，缺乏系统、全面的LNG冷量利用技术的研发指导机制，以及宏观调控力度薄弱等问题，进而提出了发展LNG冷量的集成利用方案，可为此类技术的研发利用提供新思路。以福建即将进口的LNG为例，模拟了空气分离与干冰制备的集成工艺流程，结果表明：福建每年进口的260×10⁴t LNG可以冷却290×10⁴t空气，相当于60000 m³/h的氧气制备规模，还可以生产100×10⁴t的干冰，其过程火用损较小；其剩余的高温位冷量可应用于低温冻结库或冰灯等项目，这对主体装置的实施效果和过程火用损的影响较小。该技术的优点在于可灵活控制冷却空气的液化率，基本不用冷却循环水，流程简单，设备投资少，能耗低等。     

A Bluetooth Based Sensor Network for Civil Infrastructure Health Monitoring

Communicating with sensors has long been limited either to wired connections or to proprietary wireless communication protocols. Using a ubiquitous and inexpensive wireless communication technology to create Sensor Area Networks (SANs) will accelerate the extensive deployment of sensor technology. Bluetooth, an emerging, worldwide standard for inexpensive, local wireless communication is a viable choice for SANs because of its inherent support for some of the important requirements – low power, small form factor, low cost and sufficient communication range. In this paper we outline an approach, centered on the Bluetooth technology, to support a sensor network composed of fixed wireless sensors for health monitoring of highways, bridges and other civil infrastructures. We present a topology formation scheme that not only takes into account the traffic generated by different sensors but also the associated link strengths, buffer capacities and energy availability. The algorithm makes no particular assumptions as to the placement of nodes, and not all nodes need to be in radio proximity of each other. The output is a tree shaped scatternet rooted at the sensor hub (data logger) that is balanced in terms of traffic carried on each of the links. We also analyze the scheduling, routing and healing aspects of the resulting sensor-net topology.     

Measuring College Students' Motives for Playing Drinking Games.

Students may choose to play drinking games not only for reasons related to alcohol consumption but also because of incentives related to other aspects of play (competition, fun, interpersonal dominance, etc.). College students (120 men and 167 women) completed measures of motives for playing (based on T. J. Johnson, S. Hamilton, & V. L. Sheets, 1999) and consequences of playing drinking games. Exploratory principal-components analysis identified 8 reasons for playing. Men and women differed in their endorsement of the factors. Motives for play directly predicted consequences of play independently of alcohol consumption. Specific motives predicted specific types of consequences. In multiple regression analyses, Conformity motives were negatively related to consequences and may represent a form of protective motive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

抽油机井系统效率简析

油田生产中广泛使用抽油机采油,机械采油的系统效率主要有地面效率与井下效率。在实际生产中,地面效率容易检测、计算和调整,井下效率则取决于产液量、动液面、泵效以及管柱的状况。文章仅对抽油机井系统效率进行简单分析与计算,旨在为优化设计抽油机运行参数提供参考。     

井下乳化/水热催化裂解复合降黏开采稠油技术研究

实验考察了胜利孤东稠油井下催化水热裂解和乳化/催化水热裂解降黏效果。所用催化剂为水溶性铁镍钒体系,Fe3+∶Ni2+∶VO4+=5∶1∶1,100 g稠油与30 g 0.5%催化剂水溶液在240℃反应24小时。原始黏度(50℃)11.0和8.36 Pa.s的两种稠油裂解并静置除水后,黏度降低76.2%和75.6%,室温放置60天后降黏率下降小于3个百分点,气相色谱显示裂解后轻组分明显增加,红外光谱显示稠油组分发生脱羧反应且芳环数减少。讨论了稠油催化水热裂解反应机理。所用化学助剂JN-A在油水中均可溶,耐温达250℃,耐矿化度达50 g/L,其水溶液以30∶100的质量比与稠油混合时形成低黏度的O/W乳状液。当水相含1.0%JN-A和0.5%催化剂时,两种稠油水热裂解后的反应混合物为O/W乳状液,黏度仅为319和309 mPa.s,静置除水后的稠油降黏率增加到86.5%和87.3%,其中的轻组分含量进一步增加。该井下乳化/催化水热裂解复合降黏法成功地用于孤东两口蒸汽吞吐井,稠油井作业后初期采出的原油黏度由~9 Pa.s降低到1 Pa.s左右,随采油时间延长而逐渐升高,约50天后超过4Pa.s。图2表6参5。     

单光纤传输光推动便携式压力测量仪的研究

介绍了用单根光纤传输测量信号和功率信号的光功率推动液体压力测量仪及其工作原理。该仪器以电容式压力传感器的δ元件作为压力检测元件，采用低功耗前置器电路和简单直杆结构，实现了便携式测量。测量范围为O～100kPa，精度为O．01kPa。     

金属换热器选用经济分析

本文以系统节能和提高综合经济效益的观点，分析了金属换热器传热系数的影响因素及提高途径；气流阻力与动力消耗；传热面积与投资的定量关系。为正确选用不同结构金属换热器及其性能提供了依据。     

合成氨制气中的以水代汽新工艺

提出了应用油水融合技术在合成氨部分氧化法制气中以水代汽的工艺途径，并分析了其效果和意义。     

利用视电阻率饱和度法分析稠油油藏动用状况

为了弄清稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐井附近油层的动用状况．利用侧钻井视电阻率饱和度分析法，研究电阻减小率与含油饱和度的关系．以确定蒸汽吞吐井附近油层的动用状况。实践证明，该方法切实可行，为调油油田蒸汽吞吐阶段油层动用程度研究，提供了一条新途径。