机械产品设计中基于材料替代的成本控制

从产品设计中成本控制的角度,基于材料替代的研究思路,以洗衣机为例．分别从机械产品的零部件结构重新设计、零部件结构局部改进和零部件结构总体保持不变等3方面进行应用研究。在产品在性能得到保证的同时,使产品成本也得到了优化。     

电导法研究D252大孔离子交换树脂吸附取代苯甲酸的行为

利用电导实验技术,跟踪观察D252大孔离子交换树脂吸附取代苯甲酸的行为。利用固-液界面吸附方程,求取吸附剂-吸附质相互作用能,讨论取代苯甲酸的浓度对吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明表观吸附速率随取代苯甲酸浓度增大而降低。     

Simple and Efficient Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Access to Three Versatile Aminocoumarin‐Based Scaffolds using Isocyanoacetate

An efficient method has been developed for the one‐pot copper(I)‐catalyzed synthesis of 3‐aminocoumarin and its derivatives, such as 3‐substituted methylideneaminocoumarins and chromeno[3,4‐d]imidazol‐4(1H)‐ones. Significantly, the strategy presents a straightforward and efficient approach to constructing biologically useful molecular scaffolds.     

取代二苯基脲对PVC的热稳定作用——性能递变规律与机理

用烘箱变色法研究了几种取代二苯基脲对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热稳定性能。结果表明,取代二苯基脲均具有类似于硬脂酸锌的热稳定特性,属于初效型主热稳定剂,与硬脂酸钙(CaStz)和环氧大豆油并用存在着明显的协同效应;取代二苯基脲的热稳定性能随其分子中与尿母核相连基团的吸电子性的增强而提高;根据其热稳定性能递变规律可以推测出取代二苯基脲是通过其拨基C原子作为亲电原子与PVC发生亲电反应而发挥热稳定作用的,传统的Frye和Horst理论不适用于取代二苯基脲。     

一锅法从卟啉配体合成μ-氧代四苯基双核铁卟啉

A novel method for synthesis of substituted u-oxo-bis[tetraphenyl porphyrinatoiron] compotmds （[TRPPFe]20） based on the reaction among free base porphyrins （TRPPH2）, FeSO4·7H2O and H2O in one pot was proposed and investigated. Four kinds of [TRPPFe]2O were synthesized by this novel synthetic method, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and UV-vis spectroscopy. The reaction conditions, including the effect of different iron salts on the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, the reaction time between FeSO4-7H2O and TRPPH2, the molar ratio of FeSO4-7H2O/TRPPH2 as well as the volume ratio of H2O/DMF, were investigated. The [TRPPFe]2O yield of 93% 98% could be obtained under the following optimal conditions： the reaction time of FeSOn-7H2O with TRPPH2 was about 10 h, the molar ratio of FeSOn-7H2O/TRPPH2 about 5 ： 1, and the volume ratio of H2O/DMF exceeded 2 ： 1. Further research indicated that only TRPPFeCI were formed once FeSOn-7H2O was replaced by FeCl2-4H2O, the reason of which might be that halogen ions in iron salts interfered the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, suggesting that halogen ions should be avoided in this novel synthetic method.     

吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行了吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验表明,10 d后5%氟虫腈SC 750 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱·氟虫腈EC 900 mL/hm2和25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的防效均超过80%,对白背飞虱的防效超过75%,而10%吡虫啉WP 600 g/hm2对飞虱的防效小于50%;示范试验表明,10 d后3种药剂对稻飞虱的防效依次分别为82.6%、85.2%和76.9%,15 d后对麦田灰飞虱的防效分别为83.9%、79.9%和82.4%,明显好于吡虫啉.因此,氟虫腈、毒死蜱·氟虫腈和吡蚜酮可以作为吡虫啉的替代药剂,并就3种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

取代羟基查尔酮化合物的合成与表征

查尔酮类化合物是合成黄酮类药物的重要中间体,而且它本身也具有广泛的药理活性。在稀碱催化下,于75～80℃反应1.5h,苯乙酮分别与水杨醛、5-氯水杨醛、5-硝基水杨醛进行交叉羟醛缩合反应,合成了其中两个鲜见文献报道的查尔酮类化合物,产物通过元素分析、IR、1 H NMR、MS进行了结构确证。     

Assembly of 4‐Substituted 3‐Nitro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridines via Organocatalytic Michael Addition

An organocatalytic Michael addition of protected 2‐amino‐1‐nitroethanes to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes followed by treatment with TFA afforded 4‐substituted 3‐nitro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridines with good diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. Good yields were observed in the case of β‐aryl‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes as the substrates, while moderate yields were obtained when β‐alkyl‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were used.     

Thermodynamics of noncovalent interactions in hydrophobically‐substituted water‐soluble polymers from intrinsic viscosity measurements: Application to nucleobase‐substituted pullulans

Hydrophobically substituted water‐soluble polymers (HSWSP) act as associative thickeners through the reversible crosslinking from noncovalent interactions between the various groups on the polymer chains in aqueous solution. This article shows how the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of nonionic HSWSP can be used to define the thermodynamics of these interactions. Literature data on the IV of pullulans substituted by nucleobase ester groups (thyminylbutyryl and adeninylbutyryl) (Mocanu et al., Can J Chem, 1995, 73, 1933) are used as an exemplar of these procedures. The intramolecular crosslinking in these substituted pullulans is deduced to be “unimolecular” (association constant K₁ = 1 M^?1), as contrasted with the “bimolecular” behavior expected from the stacking of the free nucleobases; evidently the crosslinking results from hydrophobic interactions between the butyryl linking groups and the main chain. The results are compared with those from other HSWSP, and from cosolute binding systems. The use of the water–octanol partition coefficients of model systems to elucidate hydrophobic interactions in HSWSP, and of denaturant cosolutes (especially urea) to diagnose the presence and strength of these interactions, are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need for further such studies to identify the interactions underlying the rheological behavior of the nonionic HSWSP, and of the more common ionic types. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

乙氧羰基烯丙基取代的肟醚类化合物的研究

采用"一锅法"来研究这一反应。由酮肟1与氢化钠作用产生酮肟阴离子2,酮肟阴离子再与α-乙氧羰基乙烯基膦酸二乙酯3作用产生膦酸酯取代的碳负离子4,该碳负离子进一步与醛作用得到α-乙氧羰基烯丙基肟醚化合物,产率在73%～79%。