生物滴滤器净化甲苯废气的工艺性能研究

研究了生物滴滤器对甲苯废气(VOCs代表)的净化性能及其影响因素.小型生物滴滤器实验结果表明,实验条件下净化效率随进气甲苯浓度的增大而减小;生化去除量(EC)则随进气甲苯浓度的增大而增大;停留时间越长,净化效率越高.当空床停留时间(EBRT)10 s甲苯质量浓度在184~1 223 m g/m3时,对应的生化去除量保持在62.4~190.7 g/(m3.h);当甲苯进气质量浓度处于600 m g/m3以下时,只要EBRT达到30 s时,净化效率可达到90.0%以上;当甲苯进气处于600~1 300 m g/m3质量浓度范围时,需要通过生物滴滤器串级运行或采用活性炭吸附预处理而不是单纯依靠增加气体在生物滴滤器内的停留时间来达到60 m g/m3排放要求.实际工艺系统对于难溶于水的气体如甲苯,表面液体速度可控制在1.0 m/h的较低值以内.     

取代苯甲酸葡萄糖酯的合成及生物活性

以两种方法合成了10个取代苯甲酸葡萄糖酯类化合物，一是相转移催化法，二是在三忆胺的存在下，取代苯甲酸与溴代葡萄糖反应，该种合成糖酯的方法未见文献报道，取代苯甲酸葡萄糖酯的结构由IR、MS、^1H NMR和元素分析确认。对化合物的抗病毒活性测试结果发现，其中有两个化合物具有一定的抑制TMV的活性。     

2-甲基-1-(4-甲基苯基)丙酮的合成

异丁酸与硫酰氯反应得异丁酰氯，适宜的反应条件为：异丁酸滴加温度25－30℃，滴加时间0．5h；反应温度80℃；反应时间1．5h；收率为92％－93％，在催化剂无水三氯化铝存在下，甲苯与异丁酰氯进行酰基化反应得到2－甲基－1－（4－甲基苯基）丙酮，收率为75％，合成产物经红外光普、核磁共振谱鉴定结构正确。     

甲苯在镍基催化剂上加氢的研究

研究了由共沉淀方法制得的镍基催化剂上甲苯加氢的活性，以及催化剂镍铝比组成、反应温度、空速等对加氢反应的影响。     

甲苯的定向催化硝化

文章报导了甲苯定向催化硝化合成对一硝基甲苯的方法。在温和条件下,采用复合型催化剂,以硝酸为硝化剂,取得对位体与邻位体比值(P/O)为2.39的实验结果。与经典的混酸硝化法所得产物的 P/O 值0.63相比较,提高了1.76。     

甲苯定向氯化合成对氯甲苯

在自己合成的沸石催化剂上加以助催化剂,进行甲苯氯化反应,得到了一氯甲苯产物中～90％的对氯甲苯.在40ml甲苯规模上,考查了一些因素的变化对于混一氯甲苯中对位选择性的影响.反应产物经简单分离后,得到了纯度>98%的对氯甲苯.     

Viscosity Measurements of Liquid Toluene at Low Temperatures Using a Dual Vibrating-Wire Technique

A recently developed dual vibrating-wire technique has been used to perform viscosity measurements of liquid toluene in the temperature range 213 KT298 K, and at pressures up to approximately 20 MPa. The results were obtained by operating the vibrating-wire sensor in both forced and free decay modes. The estimated precision of the viscosity measurements, in either mode of operation, is ±0.5%, for temperatures above or equal to 273 K, increasing with decreasing temperature up to ±1% at 213 K. The corresponding overall uncertainty is estimated to be within ±1% and ±1.5%, respectively.     

Simultaneous Measurement of the Density and Viscosity of Compressed Liquid Toluene

A vibrating-wire densimeter described previously has been used to perform simultaneous measurements of the density and viscosity of toluene at temperatures from 222 to 348 K and pressures up to 80 MPa. The density measurements are essentially based on the hydrostatic weighing principle, using a vibrating-wire device operated in forced mode of oscillation, as a sensor of the apparent weight of a cylindrical sinker immersed in the test fluid. The resonance characteristics for the transverse oscillations of the wire, which is also immersed in the fluid, are described by a rigorous theoretical model, which includes both the buoyancy and the hydrodynamic effects, owing to the presence of the fluid, on the wire motion. It is thus possible, from the working equations, to determine simultaneously, both the density and the viscosity of the fluid from the analysis of the resonance curve of the wire oscillation, the density being related essentially to the position of the maximum and the viscosity to its width. New results of measurements of the density and viscosity of toluene in the compressed liquid region are presented, and compared with literature data. The density results extend over a temperature range 222 KT348 K, and pressures up to 80 MPa. The viscosity results cover a temperature range of 248 KT348 K and pressures up to 80 MPa. The uncertainty of the present density data is estimated to be within ±0.1% at temperatures 298 KT350 K, and ±0.15% at 222 KT273 K. The corresponding overall uncertainty of the viscosity measurements is estimated to be ±2% for temperatures 298 KT350 K, and ±3% for 248 KT273 K.     

Co3O4/Bi2O3纳米粒子气相光催化降解甲苯的研究

采用微乳法及化学沉淀法制备了复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3纳米粒子，结果表明，微乳法制备的复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3粒子光催化活性更好；活性的提高程度与n（Co）：n（Bi）有关，其最佳配比为0．02：1；随着焙烧温度的增加，光催化活性提高，750℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好。以甲苯为目标反应物，考察了光照强度、甲苯的初始浓度、气相氧浓度、水蒸气含量对甲苯光催化降解反应速率的影响。     

新的价连接性指数~mX用于有机化合物的QSAR

定义新的价连接性指数 m X、m X′,并用于有机化合物的定量结构 -活性相关性研究中 ,发现 m X、m X′与有机物的毒性具有良好的线性关系 ,相关系数均在 0 .92以上 ,优于文献方法。该法具有计算简单 ,物理意义明确等优点。