“7.21”涪江突发水污染事件应急监测分析

2011年7月21日,四川省松潘县境内涪江发生锰污染事件,重庆市水文局开展了以锰和氨氮为对象的水质应急监测。通过与上游环境监测机构加强联系,了解污染物动态情况及上游水库蓄放水情况,同时收集涪江的洪水预报模型和实时水情信息,预测了污染物的传播时间。监测结果表明,由于受洪水及沿程吸附作用影响,锰浓度在重庆段恢复至正常值;氨氮浓度的波动可能是由于沿程其他污染物进入河道中所引起的。由于缺乏水质污染模型,未能对污染物衰减情况作出预报。     

超声冲击对高锰钢辙叉组织与性能的影响

利用超声冲击技术对高锰钢辙叉试样表面进行强化处理。用维氏显微硬度仪测量分析横截面显微硬度分布,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察经超声冲击后的组织变化。试验结果表明:经超声冲击处理后,试样表面的显微硬度显著提高,且随冲击功率的提高逐渐增大,随距表面距离的增大而减小;试样表层经超声冲击产生高密度滑移线,随着距表面距离的增大,由多系滑移逐渐过渡到单系滑移,滑移带与基体没有明显界限;试样表面经超声冲击发生剧烈的塑性变形,冲击功率越大,塑性变形越剧烈,变形层越厚。     

磷矿选矿含锰废水在造气循环水系统中的应用

针对湖北省黄麦岭磷化工有限责任公司磷矿选矿尾水排放锰含量超标的问题,提出将含锰尾水回用于合成氨造气循环水补水的处理方法.采用含锰尾水代替新鲜水补充至含有硫化物、碳酸根以及氢氧根离子的造气循环水系统中;中和沉淀去除锰离子后大部分废水循环利用,少量强制外排至综合废水处理系统处理后达标排放.工程实际运行结果表明：锰离子在合成氨造气循环水处理系统中大部分得以削减,质量浓度由36～41 mg/L下降至3～6 mg/L;强制外排废水再经过合成氨综合废水处理站处理,质量浓度由3～6 mg/L下降至0.5～1.5 mg/L,总去除率达到95％以上,出水水质能够满足达标排放的要求.该工程应用减少了废水中的重金属排放,并对废水进行了综合利用,达到了节约水资源和保护环境的目的,具有节能减排和可持续发展的重要意义.     

配合物锰-乙二酸．2，2’-联吡啶的结构及其对DNA的切割作用研究

在室温条件下,合成配合物[Mn（OXa）（bipy）]。（其中oxa为乙二酸,bipy为2,2’-联吡啶）．用红外光谱法对其进行表征．并应用x-射线单晶衍射技术测定晶体结构．通过凝胶电泳法证明配合物对pBR322-DNA有切割能力．应用荧光光谱法,研究配合物与HC．DNA（HeLa细胞DNA）的结合能力．     

Trace amounts of impurities in electrolytic manganese metal by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method, using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SF-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi in electrolytic manganese metal, was described. At the beginning, the samples were decomposed by HNO3 and H2504, and then analyzed by SF-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in different mass resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the excess of sulfuric acid and Mn were evaluated. Correction of matrix effects was conducted by using the internal standard elements. The optimum condition for the determination was investigated and discussed. The detection limit is in the range of 0.001-0.169 gg/L. The current method is applied to the determination of trace impurities in electrolytic manganese metal. And experiments show that good results can be obtained much faster, more accurately and conveniently by current method.     

硼酸镧钙中三价铕离子的辐射跃迁参数

采用高温固相法合成了三价铕离子掺杂的硼酸镧钙(La2CaB10O19:Eu3+)荧光粉,XRD测试表明样品属单斜晶系。La2CaB10O19:Eu3+可被近紫外和蓝光LED有效激发,发射主峰位于617nm处,对应铕离子的5 D0!7F2跃迁。Judd-Ofelt强场参数表明,在La2CaB10O19:Eu3+样品中三价铕离子周围环境具有较强的共价性和反演非对称性。计算得5 D0!7FJ(J=1,2,4)的自发辐射跃迁概率分别为80.95、155.46和41.21s-1,最大受激发射截面分别为3.05×10-22、7.41×10-22和3.00×10-22cm2。有效的红光发射表明,La2CaB10O19:Eu3+荧光粉可以作为红色荧光色彩调节剂应用于白光LED。     

天然锰矿对水体中磷的去除研究

研究了天然锰矿对水体中磷的去除效果,考察了温度、光照、锰矿用量、溶液pH及共存离子对除磷效果的影响。结果表明,pH对磷的吸附影响很大。离子影响中,Ca2+、Mg2+、CO32-、HCO3-、SiO32-和SO24-的影响不大,而AsO43-和AsO3-却能明显抑制锰矿对磷的吸附。Freundlich等温吸附模型(r2=0.984 4)能很好的描述磷的吸附。动力学数据符合二级动力学模型(r2=0.999 9),最大吸附量为30.40μg/g。FTIR和SEM结果显示磷主要是通过与锰矿表面的羟基发生置换或生成内层络合物而被吸附。天然锰矿,具有较大的比表面积,强选择性,是一种很有前景的去除天然水体中磷的吸附剂。     

Spray pyrolysis synthesis of nanostructured LiFexMn2−xO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

A series of partially Fe-substituted lithium manganese oxides LiFe_xMn_2−xO₄ (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.3) was successfully synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The resulting powders were spherical nanostructured particles which comprised the primary particles with a few tens of nanometer in size, while the morphology changed from spherical and porous to spherical and dense with increasing Fe substitution. The densification of particles progressed with the amount of Fe substitution. All the samples exhibited a pure cubic spinel structure without any impurities in the XRD patterns.The as-prepared powders were then sintered at 750 °C for 4 h in air. However, the particles morphology and pure spinel phase of LiFe_xMn_2−xO₄ powders did not change after sintering. The as-sintered powders were used as cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries, and cycle performance of the materials was investigated using half-cells Li/LiFe_xMn_2−xO₄. The first discharge capacity of Li/LiFe_xMn_2−xO₄ cell in a voltage 3.5-4.4 V decreased as the value x increased, however these cells exhibited stable cycling performance at wide ranges of charge-discharge rates.     

饱水岩层生物地球化学特征与氮转化

目的研究浑河流域第四纪松散岩层构成的潜水中较高铁锰含量对浅层地下水氮转化的影响。方法运用水文地球环境化学理论，结合现场取样和室内实验，研究了地下水中铁锰对氮转化的化学及生物作用的机理．对浑河支流的细河近岸饱水层110m深度剖面岩土的地球化学指标和微生物分别进行了测定和培养鉴定．结果研究结果表明在岩土呈弱酸性的条件下。随着剖面深度的变化。微生物指标和地球化学指标相互之间表现出显著的相关性，曲线的峰值段和波动段大部分相吻合．结论岩性以及原生铁锰普遍含量较高的生物地球化学环境对地层中氮转化的主导控制作用显著，表现为岩土中氨态氮含量高．此项研究将为修复微污染地下水。探讨区域环境系统氮演变趋势提供技术支持．