局部特征表征的6D位姿估计算法

为解决有纹理模型在遮挡条件下6D位姿估计精确度不高的问题,提出了一种局部特征表征的端到端6D位姿估计算法。首先为了得到准确的定位信息,提出了一个空间—坐标注意力机制（spatial and coordinate attention）,通过在YOLOv5网络中加入空间—坐标注意力机制和加权双向特征金字塔网络（bidirectional feature pyramid network）,YOLOv5-CBE算法的精确度（precision）、召回率（recall）、平均精度均值（mAP@0.5）分别提升了3.6%、2.8%、2.5%,局部特征中心点坐标误差最高提升了25%;然后用 YOLOv5-CBE算法检测局部特征关键点,结合3D Harris关键点通过奇异值分解法（singular value decomposition）计算模型的6D位姿,最高遮挡70%的情况下仍然可以保证二维重投影精度（2D reprojection accuracy）和ADD度量精度（ADD accuracy）在95%以上,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

融合外部属性的短时交通流预测研究

针对现有交通流量预测算法大多仅考虑常态下的预测,而未考虑天气属性、周围地理属性对预测结果的影响,提出一种融合外部属性的组合预测模型（A-STIGCN）。首先,将外部属性作为路网中路段的属性,同时对路段的属性和交通特征进行建模,得到增强的特征向量。其次,采用图小波变换和自适应矩阵分别提取交通流局部和全局空间特征信息,并借助门控循环单元（GRU）对时间信息的长时记忆能力以提取其时间特性。最后,通过注意力机制来捕获时空动态变化性进行交通流预测。采用深圳出租车轨迹数据、对应天气数据以及POI数据进行预测,研究结果表明：A-STIGCN组合模型预测效果优于传统线性模型及变体模型,与未引入注意力机制的ASTGCN模型相比,MAE降低了约0.131,精度提高了0.068,与未引入外部因素的TGCN模型对比分析,MAPE降低了约0.637%,精度提高了0.079,从而更好地为交通管理提供指导意见。     

基于振动信号的水电机组状态劣化在线评估方法研究

实现水电机组状态劣化评估和故障预警是行业研究的热点。论文提出了一种结合时域与频域特征的机组劣化在线评估方法。(1)先利用检测指数确定振动信号中对机组运行状态最为敏感的时域特征;再以机组健康状态下工况参数X(水头、开度等)和检测指数筛选的振动信号时域特征Y为健康样本,利用最小二乘支持向量机构建机组状态健康模型Y=f(X)。基于该模型,以实时工况参数为输入,在线预测对应工况下机组振动信号时域特征健康值,计算健康值与实际值之间的相对误差,作为评估机组劣化程度的时域劣化指标。(2)利用小波变换与奇异值理论对振动信号进行分解,提取健康状态下机组振动信号奇异值特征向量并得到健康聚类中心,实时计算实测信号奇异值特征向量与健康聚类中心之间的相对欧式距离,作为频域劣化指标。结合时域和频域劣化指标,在线计算综合劣化指标评估当前时刻机组劣化程度。结合实际机组运行案例,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

1957-2017年泾河流域降雨量及降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析

泾河流域受土壤侵蚀的影响,水土流失较为严重,为对流域水土流失风险评估和防治等提供参考依据,根据1957-2017年泾河流域5个气象站点的日降水资料,运用ArcGIS空间插值、小波分析、R/S分析等方法,分析了该时段降雨量及降雨侵蚀力时空变化规律。结果表明:泾河流域及各气象站点的降雨量与降雨侵蚀力均呈显著正相关关系;泾河流域降雨量与降雨侵蚀力年内分布不均,主要集中在夏季,分别占全年的67.80%和52.86%;泾河流域年均降雨量和降雨侵蚀力分别为496.83 mm和1 481.24 (MJ·mm)/(hm~2·h),年际总体呈波动上升趋势且未来降雨侵蚀力将延续增加趋势,两者均在1996和2009年出现突变点且第一主周期分别为27和17 a;泾河流域降雨量和降雨侵蚀力在空间上均呈从西北到东南递增的趋势。     

No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment using quaternion wavelet transform and heterogeneous ensemble learning

As the demand for high-quality stereo images has grown in recent years, stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA) has become an important research area in modern image processing technology.In this paper, we propose a no-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment (NR-SIQA) model using heterogeneous ensemble learning ‘quality-aware’ features from luminance image, chrominance image, disparity and cyclopean images via quaternion wavelet transform (QWT). Firstly, luminance image and chrominance image are generated by CIELAB color space as monocular perception, and the novel disparity and cyclopean images are utilized to complement with monocular information. Then, a number of ‘quality-aware’ features in the quaternion wavelet domain are discovered, including entropy, texture features, energy features, energy differences features and MSCN coefficients of high frequency sub-band. Finally, a heterogeneous ensemble model via support vector regression (SVR) & extreme learning machine (ELM) & random forest (RF) is proposed to predict quality score, and bootstrap sampling and rotated feature space are used to increase the diversity of data distribution. Comparing with the state-of-the-art NR-SIQA models, experimental results on four public databases prove the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model.     

Selection of optimized features for fusion of palm print and finger knuckle‐based person authentication

The impact of digital technology in biometrics is much more efficient at interpreting data than humans, which results in completely replacement of manual identification procedures in forensic science. Because the single modality‐based biometric frameworks limit performance in terms of accuracy and anti‐spoofing capabilities due to the presence of low quality data, therefore, information fusion of more than one biometric characteristic in pursuit of high recognition results can be beneficial. In this article, we present a multimodal biometric system based on information fusion of palm print and finger knuckle traits, which are least associated to any criminal investigation as evidence yet. The proposed multimodal biometric system might be useful to identify the suspects in case of physical beating or kidnapping and establish supportive scientific evidences, when no fingerprint or face information is present in photographs. The first step in our work is data preprocessing, in which region of interest of palm and finger knuckle images have been extracted. To minimize nonuniform illumination effects, we first normalize the detected circular palm or finger knuckle and then apply line ordinal pattern (LOP)‐based encoding scheme for texture enrichment. The nondecimated quaternion wavelet provides denser feature representation at multiple scales and orientations when extracted over proposed LOP encoding and increases the discrimination power of line and ridge features. To best of our knowledge, this first attempt is a combination of backtracking search algorithm and 2D²LDA has been employed to select the dominant palm and knuckle features for classification. The classifiers output for two modalities are combined at unsupervised rank level fusion rule through Borda count method, which shows an increase in performance in terms of recognition and verification, that is, 100% (correct recognition rate), 0.26% (equal error rate), 3.52 (discriminative index), and 1,262 m (speed).     

一种基于Matlab图形用户界面的数字水印系统

数字水印技术是一种典型的信息网络安全有效保护措施。文章运用Maflab软件强大的GUI（图形用户界面）功能开发出一种基于小波变换的数字水印系统,该系统的构建是通过对载体彩色图像进行小波变换,然后将二值水印图像嵌入到小波变换后载体图像的低频子带中。实验结果证明,文章利用Matlab软件构建的数字水印系统在抗噪声攻击、JPEG压缩、小幅度剪切方面效果良好,稳健性强。     

煤矿监控图像增强算法的分析与实现

针对煤矿井下粉尘多、光照差的恶劣环境使得矿井监控图像偏暗、对比度低、视觉效果差的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换和模糊理论的图像增强算法。该算法选择小波变换为工具分解图像,应用新的模糊隶属度和增强算子对高频信息进行模糊处理,利用直方图均衡化对低频信息进行处理,最后对图像进行重构。处理结果较好地增强了图像细节信息,从整体上改善了图像效果。     

基于小波变换的泄露故障特征提取研究

为研究液压系统管路泄漏对压力脉动信号的影响,提出利用改进的小波消噪算法和小波包对压力脉动信号进行消噪和特征提取;针对传统小波变换阈值函数在去噪处理中存在的恒定偏差、不连续等缺点,提出一种改进阈值函数和新阈值相结合的新方法,将该方法与平移不变量方法相结合,避免了传统小波变换去噪时在不连续点存在的Pseudo-Gibbs现象;通过利用改进小波消噪方法和小波包对FESTO试验系统采集的正常和故障压力脉动信号进行分析比较,研究结果表明,不同工况下压力脉动信号3个主要能量频带的分布特性,可以作为泄露检测和识别的故障特征。     

小波神经网络在雷达故障诊断中的应用研究

根据某型雷达接收机的信号特点,提出了基于小波神经网络和专家知识相结合的雷达智能故障诊断方法,探讨了该方法在某型雷达接收机故障诊断中的应用,采样信号经过小波去噪和小波特征向量提取后再进行归一化处理,作为小波神经网络的输入向量,小波神经网络隐含层的激活函数选用小波函数,完成雷达接收机典型故障的诊断;MATLAB实例仿真结果表明,该方法诊断准确,智能化水平高,有很好的自学习能力,提高了故障诊断的正确性和效率。