Role of Rho GTPase Interacting Proteins in Subcellular Compartments of Podocytes

The first step of urine formation is the selective filtration of the plasma into the urinary space at the kidney structure called the glomerulus. The filtration barrier of the glomerulus allows blood cells and large proteins such as albumin to be retained while eliminating the waste products of the body. The filtration barrier consists of three layers: fenestrated endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells featured by numerous, actin-based projections called foot processes. Proteins on the foot process membrane are connected to the well-organized intracellular actin network. The Rho family of small GTPases (Rho GTPases) act as intracellular molecular switches. They tightly regulate actin dynamics and subsequent diverse cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, and spreading. Previous studies using podocyte-specific transgenic or knockout animal models have established that Rho GTPases are crucial for the podocyte health and barrier function. However, little attention has been paid regarding subcellular locations where distinct Rho GTPases contribute to specific functions. In the current review, we discuss cellular events involving the prototypical Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) in podocytes, with particular focus on the subcellular compartments where the signaling events occur. We also provide our synthesized views of the current understanding and propose future research directions.     

溶解氧变化对阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢氢脆敏感性的影响

摘要：为研究溶解氧质量浓度对10Ni5CrMo钢在阴极极化条件下氢脆敏感性影响规律，对10Ni5CrMo钢进行了阴极极化下的电化学交流阻抗谱测试﹑并采用慢应变速率拉伸实验和断口分析方法研究了海水中溶解氧质量浓度变化和不同阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢的氢脆敏感性。结果表明：溶解氧质量浓度变化对10Ni5CrMo钢强度几乎没有影响；同一溶解氧质量浓度下，随极化电位负移，断裂时间、伸长率、断面收缩率明显降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性显著提高，极化电位达到-1000mV时，氢脆系数已超过安全区允许的最高值25%，进入危险区；同一极化电位下，随着海水中溶解氧质量浓度减少，材料塑性变差，断裂时间、伸长率和断面收缩率不断降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性提高。     

35CrMo钢组织遗传消除工艺研究

通过对船用长轴类大锻件的热处理工艺研究得知,采用临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可以有效消除35CrMo钢组织遗传现象,细化晶粒。     

42V混合动力汽车动力元件的选型与参数设计

在介绍42V混合动力汽车动力系统结构的基础上,对其控制策略进行了选择,并对该动力系统的ISG,发动机,电池和变速器进行了选型和参数设计.利用ADVISOR软件,建立其仿真模型,在UDDS工况下得到其动力性,经济性及一些重要性能曲线,并与传统燃油汽车的仿真结果进行比较,得出其燃油经济性和动力性得到了很大的改善.最后得出结论:整个设计,建模和仿真基本达到预期设计目标.     

刀具半径补偿指令的正确使用方法和特点

刀具半径补偿指令是数控编程中经常用到的指令，本文就数控切削加工中刀具半径补偿的建立、进行和取消以及刀具半径补偿量的指定、计算方法和刀具半径补偿功能的应用等进行了介绍。     

25CrMo车轴钢塑性的协调单元及其优化研究

采用OM、SEM、EBSD及TEM对25CrMo钢的微观组织进行定量表征,分析微观组织对试验钢塑性的控制作用。结果表明：随着晶粒的粗化,低碳板条马氏体钢的塑性逐渐增加,其与传统的理解不同,即具有大角度取向的原奥氏体晶粒(也包括束和块)不再是塑性的协调单元.只有属于小角度取向的马氏体板条对塑性的影响满足细晶增塑的原理,即在低碳板条马氏体钢中板条是塑性的有效控制单元.因此,在板条马氏体钢中,细化马氏体板条或增加小角度界面比例,是提高塑性的重要途径,其弥补了细化晶粒在大型构件中难以实现的不足.此外,也为高强度、高塑性材料的设计和开发提供了新思路.     

28CrMo钢表面磁控溅射TiN涂层的组织结构及耐腐蚀性能

为了提高28CrMo钢表面的致密性和耐腐蚀性能,采用磁控溅射技术在28CrMo钢表面制备TiN涂层,通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电化学测试等手段分析了TiN涂层的显微结构及其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:采用磁控溅射技术在28CrMo钢表面制备了厚约0.5μm的TiN涂层,涂层与基体结合良好,没有出现明显的裂纹,涂层表面N的原子分数明显高于Ti;电化学Nyquist谱得到高频区的容抗弧可能是由电荷转移电阻引起和膜层引起,中频区的容抗弧由基体金属溶解时的传质弛豫引起,低频区的感抗弧由基体表面吸附物的弛豫过程引起;3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀96 h后TiN涂层表面有蚀坑,吸附有白色疏松的腐蚀产物,并出现大小不一的腐蚀坑;TiN涂层能够明显改善基体的耐蚀性能,对改进高铬钢表面特性具有重要的作用。     

Synthesis and purification of trisulphoindigo and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of trisulphoindigo in FD & C Blue No.2

The effect of temperature on product formation during the sulphonation of indigo with concentrated sulphuric acid and 30 % fuming sulphuric acid was studied with the aid of high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Trisulphoindigo was prepared by the sulphonation of indigo with concentrated sulphuric acid at 160°C. The di- and tetra-sulphoindigo side products formed during the reaction were removed by preparative HPLC to yield a product of high chromatographic purity. The trisulphoindigo content of the food dye FD & C Blue No. 2 and the purity of commercially available trisulphoindigo were determined by HPLC analysis.     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-HZSM-5固体超强酸催化环化制b-紫罗兰酮

制备了一系列负载SO42- / ZrO2 -HZSM-5的超强酸催化剂,并用TG、XRD等手段对催化剂的结构和热行为进行了表征,使用Hammett指示剂、吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法测试了催化剂酸性。结果表明, HZSM-5对催化剂的酸性和结构具有调变作用。 利用所制备的催化剂对假性紫罗兰酮催化环化反应制b-紫罗兰酮的催化活性进行了研究, 假性紫罗兰酮转化率可达54.4%, 对应的b-紫罗兰酮的选择性为76%。     

When ancillary services decrease with more wind in ERCOT

The extant literature predicts that increasing penetration of variable generation resources should have a profound effect on ancillary services for maintaining system frequency and reliability. However, a study of the ERCOT market found that between 2014 and 2017, the procured quantities of ancillary services continuously declined, while annual wind generation output increased by 26 million MWh. This article discusses potential reasons for the phenomenon of declining need for ancillary services and its implications.