Vertex-Edge Degree Based Indices of Honey Comb Derived Network

Chemical graph theory is a branch of mathematics which combines graph theory and chemistry. Chemical reaction network theory is a territory of applied mathematics that endeavors to display the conduct of genuine compound frameworks. It pulled the research community due to its applications in theoretical and organic chemistry since 1960. Additionally, it also increases the interest the mathematicians due to the interesting mathematical structures and problems are involved. The structure of an interconnection network can be represented by a graph. In the network, vertices represent the processor nodes and edges represent the links between the processor nodes. Graph invariants play a vital feature in graph theory and distinguish the structural properties of graphs and networks. In this paper, we determined the newly introduced topological indices namely, first -degree Zagreb index, first -degree Zagreb index, second -degree Zagreb index, -degree Randic index, -degree atom-bond connectivity index, -degree geometric-arithmetic index, -degree harmonic index and -degree sum-connectivity index for honey comb derived network. In the analysis of the quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs) and the quantitative structureactivity relationships (QSARs), graph invariants are important tools to approximate and predicate the properties of the biological and chemical compounds. Also, we give the numerical and graphical representation of our outcomes.     

Role of Rho GTPase Interacting Proteins in Subcellular Compartments of Podocytes

The first step of urine formation is the selective filtration of the plasma into the urinary space at the kidney structure called the glomerulus. The filtration barrier of the glomerulus allows blood cells and large proteins such as albumin to be retained while eliminating the waste products of the body. The filtration barrier consists of three layers: fenestrated endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells featured by numerous, actin-based projections called foot processes. Proteins on the foot process membrane are connected to the well-organized intracellular actin network. The Rho family of small GTPases (Rho GTPases) act as intracellular molecular switches. They tightly regulate actin dynamics and subsequent diverse cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, and spreading. Previous studies using podocyte-specific transgenic or knockout animal models have established that Rho GTPases are crucial for the podocyte health and barrier function. However, little attention has been paid regarding subcellular locations where distinct Rho GTPases contribute to specific functions. In the current review, we discuss cellular events involving the prototypical Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) in podocytes, with particular focus on the subcellular compartments where the signaling events occur. We also provide our synthesized views of the current understanding and propose future research directions.     

Troubleshooting of Handover Problems in 900 MHz for Speech Quality

Although Long-term Evolution (LTE) technology has currently being used in data and voice transmission, reserved frequency bands for GSM is still in use due to its strengthen against multipath fading and it provides wider coverage area. Poor coverage problems caused by low signal level directly reduce network performance and cause undesirable cases for voice transmission. The aim of this study is first to solve handover (HO) problems due to the low signal quality and bad speech quality by hardware configuration and changing optimization parameters in detail as a novelty. The second is to examine the KPI values of the test region where HO problems have been solved and to determine whether the network contributed to the network quality. Offered method has made the network having following improvements; the value of RxQual drops from 0.61 to 0.57, number of failure in random access channel (RACH) drops down from 12 to 2, the number of failure in SDCCH drops down from 6 to 2, the total number of blocked calls from 18 to 4, and the number of dropped calls drops down to 2 from 5. Another criterion of the network quality the average for both uplink and downlink mean opinion score (MOS) value of region increased from 3.51 to 3.86. Also CSSR has been increased from 94.43 to 97.82% and HO success rate has been reached from 93.56 to 99.13%.

     

Properties and microstructure of copper-alloyed solid solution-strengthened ductile iron

Solid solution-strengthened ductile iron (DI) exhibits outstanding mechanical properties due to the high silicon content. The strengthening by silicon addition is limited since additions above 4.3?wt-% lead to embrittlement. For a further improvement of mechanical properties, other alloying elements need to be considered. In the present work, the effect of various copper additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of solid solution-strengthened DI were investigated. The results show that no appreciable strengthening can be achieved by copper addition without the formation of pearlite in the matrix. The pearlite content increases considerably for Cu-additions above 0.23?wt-% and is independent of the cooling rate for the cooling conditions analysed.     

The comprehensive investigation of the room temperature ionic liquid additives in PVC based polymer inclusion membrane for Cr(VI) transport

This study is to perform the comprehensive investigation of PVC based ionic plasticized membrane (IPM) production by using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)‐based additives and the membrane application of selective Cr(VI) removal. Some significant parameters related to membrane structures that are membrane thickness, plasticizer rate, and type, RTILs rate, and type, the average molecular weight of PVC were studied to define the excellent polymeric membrane film composition. After that, the PVC based polymeric film used in the Cr(VI) transport and initial mass transfer coefficient (J_o) were about 3.57 × 10^?7 mol s^?1 m^?2 by decyl substituted RTIL as an additive. Also, optimized membrane transport process has been considered as selective enough for Cr(VI) in the presence of the other heavy metal ions. Surface characterizations of the membranes have been performed to clarify the structural and the morphological assessment of IPMs at initial and end of Cr(VI) transport by SEM‐EDX, AFM, contact angle measurement and found a good relationship between the molecular structure of RTIL additive and membrane morphology. As we know that lots of researchers are still trying to find environmentally friendly, inexpensive and straightforward processes to remove toxic substances from industrial effluents or natural sources. At that point, our results can open a gate for cheap, novel and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) removal by PVC based membrane. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E107–E119, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Storage and permeation of hydrogen molecule,atom and ions (H+ and H−) through silicon carbide nanotube; a DFT approach

The barriers for the encapsulation and decapsulation of hydrogen ions (cationic hydrogen and hydride), atom, and molecule through silicon carbide nanotube are thoroughly studied. DFT method is selected to measure the kinetic barriers for the passage of hydrogen atom, ions and molecule through nanotube via scanning potential energy surface. The kinetic barriers for the passage (encapsulation and decapsulation) of hydrogen are very important to understand the mechanism of hydrogen storage and release. The barriers for the permeation of H, H⁺ and H^? across SiC nanosheet are lower compared to hydrogen molecule (H₂). The exohedral and endohedral adsorption of hydrogen ions (cation and anion), atom and exohedral hydrogen molecule on silicon carbide are exothermic in nature. Whereas the encapsulation of hydrogen molecule in silicon carbide is endothermic. Electronic properties are analyzed through measurement of energy gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals gap (G_H-L) and the density of state (DOS) spectra. The G_H-L analysis reveals that endohedral complexes have more pronounced effect on electronic properties compared to exohedral complexes. The SiC nanotube has highly favorable properties for storage and release of hydrogen ions, and atom.     

Effect of Bimodal Grain Size Distribution on the Strain Hardening Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Alloy

The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe_(50)(CoCrMnNi)_(50) medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson equations.The specimens under study were partially recrystallized,fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure,and fully recrystallized with coarse grains.The yield strength decreases steadily as the fraction of recry stallized micro structure and grain size increases due to the recovery process and the Hall-Petch effect.Interestingly,the bimodal grain distribution was found to have a significant impact on strain hardening during plastic deformation.For instance,the highest ultimate tensile strength was exhibited by a 0.97 μm specimen,which was observed to contain a bimodal grain distribution.Furthermore,using the Ludwigson equation,the effect of the bimodal grain distribution was established from the behavior of K_2 and n1 curves.These curves tend to show very high values in the specimens with a bimodal grain distribution compared to those that show a homogenous grain distribution.Additionally,the bimodal grain distribution contributes to the extensive L(u|")ders strain observed in the 0.97 μm specimen,which induces a significant deviation of the Hollomon equation at lower strains.