基于DEM的水利三维可视化系统的研究

分析了DEM（数字高程模型）技术、格网模型算法和分层设计思想,研究了水利可视化系统创作过程中数据整理、格网划分及三维要素的叠加的方法,采用分层设计的思想解决了不同比例尺下显示详细程度不同问题,从而为水利工程管理提供更形象、直观的信息     

基于A*算法的三维地图最优路径规划

研究了基于A*算法的适合人步行行走的山地环境下三维地图最优路径规划算法及实现.本文考虑了三维山地无路网信息覆盖的条件较差环境,对A*算法进行改进,并利用三维地形DEM数据计算出一条相对平缓且长度较短的三维路径.改进算法对三维条件下路径最短的评价标准由原有的空间距离累加最短改进为先将空间等效成水平距离,再计算距离是否最短.同时,本文充分考虑了搜索点周围环境的整体坡度信息作为启发信息,来降低算法寻找的路径走在陡坡上的概率.实验表明,本算法最终计算出的三维最优路径在平缓度及路径最短上有所改善,基本符合人步行行走的习惯.     

利用QAR和DEM的机载气象雷达地杂波仿真方法

地杂波是降低机载气象雷达性能的一个关键因素。利用数字高程模型（Digital elevation model,DEM）精确计算不同地形的电磁散射时,本文提出了将经纬度变化量转换成距离变化量的方法,简化计算,并修正了俯角和擦地角计算。然后根据气象雷达方程建模地杂波,按照WXR-2100的实际参数设置雷达参数,结合快速存取记录器（Quick access recorder,QAR）反演的航班飞行参数,分别高保真地仿真了起飞和巡航两个阶段机载气象雷达不同工作模式下的杂波图,反映了实际的运行情况,最后建立了杂波图数据库。     

基于ALOS极化干涉SAR数据的DEM提取方法研究

极化干涉理论的发展以及全极化卫星的发射,为极化干涉的研究应用提供了广阔的发展空间,开展极化干涉SAR提取DEM的研究对于解决单极化干涉SAR在植被覆盖区DEM提取精度较低的问题具有重要意义。基于山东泰安地区的一对ALOS PALSAR全极化干涉数据,利用相干性最优方法和最大化相位中心分离的方法获取极化干涉信息,并通过对优化后干涉信息的滤波、解缠、基线精确估计等处理来提取DEM,最后将相干优化的结果与传统HH、HV、VV单极化干涉结果进行对比分析。结果表明:优化方法较单极化干涉方法可以有效降低干涉图的噪声,减少相位解缠的残差点,提高解缠相位的质量,并且不同优化方法之间还存在一定差异,数值半径方法获取的DEM精度要好于其他两种优化方法;通过等值线-Goldstein二级干涉SAR滤波方法可进一步提高单极化和优化干涉图的质量,降低残差点,提高相位质量,在水体覆盖的区域通过滤波窗口的设置可以很好地改善DEM的精度。     

高效无证书混合签密

无证书混合签密能够处理无证书体制下任意长度的消息,而普通的无证书签密则不能处理.指出Selvi等人提出的攻击是不成立的,并构造了一个新的无证书混合签密方案.与现有方案相比,该方案具有密文长度短、计算速度快的优点,因此更适用于带宽窄、计算资源少的通信环境,如ad hoc网络.在随机预言模型和双线性Diffie-Hellman困难性假设条件下,该方案可证明是安全的.     

基于GIS黄水河流域下垫面类型划分研究

以龙口市黄水河流域为例,通过运用地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO对流域形态特征的模拟以及与水文本文要素的相关分析,从而将空间信息转化为水评议信息,以此为基础,确定了流域下垫面类型划分的理论依据、方法和步骤,为区域水资源的计算提供了基础条件。     

一种基于数字高程模型DEM的淹没区灾害评估方法

采用数字高程DEM来进行洪水淹没分析和灾害评估是GIS水利应用领域的研究前沿,通过对基于种子蔓延算法的淹没区计算及灾害评估方法的分析,将淹没分为有源淹没和无源淹没两种,进而论述了淹没区计算方法的精度及灾害评估和预测的准确性主要取决于数字地面模型DEM空间数据精度和社会经济信息数据的准确性;而种子蔓延算法及空间叠加运算速度则决定了整个模型的效率,该模型已在国家九五地方重大攻关水利项目中得到成功应用。     

A DEM‐based parallel computing hydrodynamic and transport model

The sudden and accidental water pollution response system (SAWPRS) for Yangtze River in central China required to develop a hydrodynamic and transport model, which is readily available and capable of simulating a large river system within GIS environment. This study facilitates such effort by developing a parallel computing method based on digital elevation model (DEM) using overlapping domain decomposition approach (ODDA) and message passing interface (MPI) protocol. The hydrodynamic and transport model was redesigned using finite volume method for hydrodynamic and transport model dispersion, the SIMPLEC method for solving the flow field, and the pressure weighted interpolating method for the flow field modification. This modelling approach was verified in two experiments using different sets of computer clusters. The model output was evaluated against the measured data collected for the year 1998 for Wanzhou, an upstream river segment of Yangtze River. The relative error was found to be less than 10%. The performance of parallel computation was found excellent as evident from the cost efficiency values greater than 0.81 in both experiments and increased computation speed while increasing the number of computer clusters. Overall, the parallel computing modelling system developed here was found to meet all requirements of SAWPRS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CREATING AND EVALUATING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL‐BASED STREAM‐POWER MAP AS A STREAM ASSESSMENT TOOL

As urban development increases, a need is emerging to understand and predict river behaviour in order to focus rehabilitation efforts and protect the natural river system while preserving urban infrastructure. Stream assessment methods are reviewed to demonstrate the need for a physically based and objective method that is also accessible in terms of time, data requirements and expertise. The case of Highland Creek near Toronto, Canada, is used to demonstrate a new type of initial stream assessment method that is based on the concept of stream power and performed entirely in a geographic information system using information from a digital elevation model (DEM). The results from this analysis are tested against existing information for Highland Creek. This includes a hydraulic model (Hydraulic Engineering Center's ‘River Analysis System’), field‐measured slopes, air photos and the geomorphic effects of an extreme flood. In addition, the results are presented in map form to demonstrate the effectiveness of visualizing the stream‐power distribution over the entire basin and also the usefulness of overlaying stream power onto other available information. The slopes extracted from the DEM are found to be statistically similar to those from a one‐dimensional hydraulic model and field‐measured slopes. Individual peaks in slope as well as locations of stream‐power maxima and minima are found to correlate to actual channel features as seen in air photos. The extreme flood event of August 2005 caused a dramatic change in channel form at the exact location of maximum energy predicted by the DEM‐based stream‐power analysis. The case of Highland Creek illustrates how this approach yields a useful outcome for understanding stream dynamics and stability as part of a stream assessment process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.