Strategies for electrosynthesis of poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) and composite films

Poly(vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PVT) exhibits functional properties, which have generated interest in the fabrication of PVT and composite films. New electrochemical strategies have been utilized for the deposition of PVT-zirconia composites. The problems, related to the electrodeposition of strong polyelectrolytes, such as PVT, were addressed by the development of charge compensation mechanisms. The deposition strategies involved electrophoretic cathodic deposition (EPD) of PVT and EPD or electrochemical synthesis of zirconia. The proof of concept investigations involved deposition yield studies under different conditions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron microscopy studies. The electrochemical strategies can be used for electrodeposition of various composites, utilizing the properties of functional polymers and inorganic materials.     

热处理非晶态Ni-P合金镀层的晶化过程

运用电沉积的方法在45钢基体上制备Ni-P合金镀层,使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)分析非晶态NiP合金镀层在20℃/min加热速率下的热效应和质量变化。在300℃和400℃分别对镀层进行0,15,30,45,60,75min的热处理,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计对镀层进行表征。结果表明:Ni-P合金镀层在加热过程中的放热峰出现在284.8℃处,镀层的质量和元素组成稳定;晶化过程经历了非晶态、亚稳态NiP和Ni5P2、稳定态Ni3P的转变;经过热处理后,镀层的显微硬度显著提高,最大值达1036.56HV,约为镀态的2倍;热处理态镀层的耐NaCl溶液腐蚀性能比镀态有所下降,但两者都比45钢基体好。     

铜纳米线的合成及其催化性能

利用多孔氧化铝(AAO)模板经交流电沉积制备得到了铜纳米线阵列,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析结果表明:其长度在1~2μm,直径在60~80nm之间。利用制备的铜纳米线催化生长了纳米碳纤维阵列(VACNFs),利用SEM对VACNFs的形貌进行了表征,结果表明,所制备的VACNFs呈现阵列状分布,每根纤维垂直基底直立生长,在纤维末端距离较近的纤维之间相互吸引缠绕形成纤维束。最后分析了纳米碳纤维阵列的生长机制并提出了生长模型。     

Ni-金刚石复合涂层的结构优化及基础磨削性能

采用电沉积技术在304不锈钢基体上制备了Ni-金刚石复合涂层。通过金刚石掺入量、加厚镀时间优化了金刚石复合涂层结构,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验仪研究了优化后的金刚石复合涂层对不同材料偶件(GCr15、SiC、304不锈钢)的磨削性能。结果表明:金刚石掺入量为1.5g/L时,金刚石上砂均匀且密集;加厚镀15min时,金刚石埋入率约为2/3,附着强度较好,适合磨削加工;GCr15、SiC、304不锈钢3种材料偶件的磨损体积依次减小,分别为:0.353 76mm~3、0.315 90 mm~3、0.194 01 mm~3,金刚石复合涂层对GCr15有较好的磨削性能;金刚石复合涂层磨削GCr15、SiC、304不锈钢均发生了磨粒磨损,此外,GCr15还发生了微弱的化学磨损,不锈钢发生了较明显的化学磨损和粘着磨损。     

Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole–carbon nanotube films using steroid dispersants

Polypyrrole (PPR)–carbon nanotube (CNT) films were prepared by an electrodeposition method, combining PPR electropolymerization and anaphoresis of CNT. PPR polymerization experiments showed advantages of a dopant from the catechol family for the deposition of PPR films at reduced electrode potentials. The method allowed the formation of adherent films on stainless steel substrates. The amphiphilic molecules with steroid-like structures, such as carbenoxolone disodium salt, glycyrrhizic acid, ammonium salt, and sodium taurodeoxycholate, were used for dispersion and charging of CNT. The new dispersing agents showed outstanding dispersion ability. In addition to dispersing properties, electrodeposition experiments revealed film-forming properties of carbenoxolone and ability to form pure carbenoxolone or carbenoxolone–CNT films. The PPR–CNT films formed using carbenoxolone disodium salt, glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, and sodium taurodeoxycholate showed diverse microstructural features. The dispersion and deposition mechanisms were discussed.     

A new insight into promotion action of Co2+ in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition

A new insight into the promotion action of Co²⁺ on both particle and metal deposition in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition system was analyzed according to electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the addition of Co²⁺ made particles content in deposits increased remarkably. The change of particles content in deposits was related inversely to the change of cathodic zero potential with the increase of the concentration of cobalt sulfate. Zero charge potential of cathode was shifted to much more negative region. The negative shift of the zero potential, combining with positive shift of the zeta potential, increased the electrostatic force between the particle-adsorbed metallic cations and the cathode. It not only benefits to the transportation of particles in solution towards cathode, but also shortens their residence time on cathodic surface. Meanwhile, entry of particles is also promoted. For metals deposition, reduction resistance of metallic cations rises greatly and deposition current at cathodic potentiodynamic polarization decreases after cobalt sulfate has been added into electrolyte. These factors are favorable for increasing particles content in deposits. In addition, physical model of diamond particles deposition state before and after the addition of Co²⁺ has been discussed.     

Generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from sodium chloride solution using C/PbO_2 and Pb/PbO_2 electrodes

Two modified electrodes (Pb/PbO2 and C/PbO2) were prepared by electrodepositing a lead oxide layer on lead and carbon sub-strates. These modified electrodes were used as anodes for the generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from sodium chloride solution. Different operating conditions and factors affecting the treatment process of NaOCl generation, including current density, pH values, con-ductive electrolytes, and electrolysis time, were studied and optimized. By comparison the C/PbO2 electrode shows a higher efficiency than the Pb/PbO2 electrode for the generation of NaOCl.     

添加剂对电沉积锌粉结构和形貌的影响

研究了锌氨络合体系中添加剂PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)、添加剂EDTA和复合添加剂对电解锌粉的结构和形貌的影响。采用XRD、SEM对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌进行表征。结果表明,添加剂PVP、EDTA、复合添加剂分别可以制得珊瑚状、树枝状和针状形貌的锌粉;当复合添加剂浓度比Rc=1.5时,可以制得分散性好、粒度均匀、形貌好的针状锌粉。