Structure and Properties Characterization of Ceramic Coatings Produced on Steel Using a Combined Technique

STEEL is the most widely used material in engineering,but unfortunately,steel exhibits poor wear resistanceand obvious contact corrosion.For decades,researchersprepared coatings on steel to improve its properties;ceramic is one of these coatings.To obtain ceramiccoatings on steel,many researchers use techniques suchas plasma spraying,laser cladding,etc.,but some ofthem are too expensive,some of them have a deep heataffected zone in the substrate,and some of them cannot bond well with the subs…     

����ʽ��������ŵ���������մɲ��֯֯�������о�

 在大量科学试验基础上，提出一种金属表面形成金属陶瓷的新工艺方法。该方法具有放电电压低，陶瓷层结构致密与基体冶金结合，适用于多种金属材料等优点。文中利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）观察了陶瓷涂层的显微组织，并通过X射线衍射和机械性能试验对其相结构和室温力学性能进行了探讨。结果表明：金属陶瓷涂层的晶粒细小，分布均匀，具有高的硬度及良好的耐磨性。     

Ambient and high-temperature thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings

Aside from its importance as a design parameter for thermal barrier coatings, measuring thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings itself provides a unique method to critically characterize the nature, quantity, and anisotropy of the defect morphologies in these splat-based coatings. In this paper, the authors present a systematic assessment of thermal conductivity of wide range using the flash diffusivity technique. For the case of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), coatings obtained from wide-ranging initial powder morphologies as well as those fabricated under different particle states were characterized. Both in-plane and through-thickness properties were obtained. Other material systems that were considered include: metallic alloys and semiconductors of interests. Issues such as reproducibility and reliability in measurements were also considered and assessed. Finally, work in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for alternate approaches to characterization of thermal conductivity as well as high-temperature measurements was performed. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

卡拉胶改性三聚磷酸铝对水性环氧涂层防腐性能的影响

通通过卡拉胶（KC）对三聚磷酸铝（ATP）进行接枝改性获得KC-ATP改性填料,再将其添加到水性环氧树脂（WEP）中制备复合防腐涂层。采用FTIR、XPS、TG、SEM对ATP改性前后的形貌、结构进行表征。结果表明,KC成功地接枝到ATP表面,改善了ATP的水溶性。采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和盐雾实验考察了复合涂层的防腐性能。结果表明,复合涂层的防腐性能明显优于纯水性环氧涂层,且当KC-ATP功能填料含量为1.0%时（以水性环氧树脂的质量为基准,下同）,涂层的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳,浸泡48 h后涂层的极化电阻Rp为8.183×107 Ω∙cm2,远高于ATP改性复合涂层和纯环氧涂层。     

Effect of deposition conditions on the properties and annealing behavior of cold-sprayed copper

The deposition of copper by cold gas dynamic spraying has attracted much interest in recent years due to the capability to deposit low-porosity oxide-free coatings. However, it is generally found that as-deposited copper has a signicantly greater hardness, and potentially lower ductility, than bulk material. In this article, copper was deposited by cold spraying using helium as the driving gas at both 298 and 523 K. Evidence is presented indicating that the material sprayed at the lower temperature exhibits a lower dislocation density throughout the grain structure than the material sprayed at the higher temperature. The low stacking fault energy of copper restricts recovery during annealing, and thus microstructural changes during annealing only proceed once recrystallization begins. The material sprayed at low temperature (with the low dislocation density) exhibited recrystallization at annealing temperatures as low as 373 K with a corresponding reduction in hardness. However, the copper sprayed with helium at 523 K was resistant to annealing at temperatures up to 473 K where the dislocations in the structure prevented recrystallization. However, at higher temperatures, recrystallization did proceed (with corresponding reductions in hardness). The fracture behavior of the copper that was cold sprayed with helium at 523 K, both in the as-sprayed condition and following annealing, was measured and explained in terms of the annealing mechanisms proposed. The original version of this paper was published in the CD ROM Thermal Spray Connects: Explore Its Surfacing Potential, International Thermal Spray Conference, sponsored by DVS, ASM International, and HW International Institute of Welding, Basel, Switzerland, May 2–4, 2005, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.     

Preparation of ceramic coatings on inner surface of steel tubes using a combined technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation

A new method for inner surface modification of steel tubes, named a combined technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was proposed and demonstrated in this paper. In this work, metallurgically bonded ceramic coatings on inner surface of steel tubes were obtained using this method. In the combined process, aluminum coatings on steel were firstly prepared by the hot-dip process and then metallurgically bonded ceramic coatings were obtained on the aluminum coatings by PEO. The element distribution, phase composition and morphology of the aluminide layer and the ceramic coatings were characterized by SEM/EDX and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the ceramic coatings were also studied. The results show that, after hot-dip treatment, the coating layers consist of two layers, where Al, Fe_xAl _(1−x) were detected from external topcoat to the aluminide/steel substrate. Then after PEO process, uniform Al₂O₃ ceramic coatings have been deposited on inner surface of steel tubes. The ceramic coatings are mainly composed of -Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ phase. The compound coatings show favorable corrosion resistance property. The investigations indicate that the combination of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation proves a promising technique for inner surface modification of steel tubes for protective purposes.     

Studying the formation process of chromate conversion coatings on aluminium using continuous electrochemical noise resistance measurements

A unique electrochemical technique, namely continuous noise resistance calculation (CNRC), was used to obtain electrochemical kinetic information from the formation process of chromate conversion coatings (CCC) on aluminium electrodes. It was found that the noise resistance (R_n) of aluminium electrodes remained almost unchanged during electrodes' immersion in a chromate containing acidic solution where the CCC films were supposed to form rapidly. This result indicates that the formation of CCC was associated with continuous corrosion of the aluminium electrodes and that the CCC films formed on aluminium surface were not intact barrier films, but most likely porous layers. The CCCs became protective only after they were aged in the environment. Based on these findings, the formation and inhibition mechanisms of CCC have been discussed.     

Improved corrosion protection of aluminum alloys by electrodeposited silanes

Organofunctional silanes recently have emerged as outstanding, environmentally friendly corrosion protectors for metal substrates, compared with conventional chromate treatments. A simple immersion technique is typically used to coat the metal surface with silane films. However, the thickness and uniformity of the films are uncontrolled in this process. This paper proposes a new deposition technique for the silane films on the metal surface, i.e., by electrodeposition. Hydrolyzed silanes are water-soluble, ionized molecules, so they can be deposited on metals by electrodeposition. Various combinations of silane mixtures were tested at different voltages, pH values, bath concentrations, and exposure times on panels of alloy aluminum and mirror-polished ferro-plate. The surface structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ellipsometry. The resistance of the film to corrosion was investigated by direct current (DC) polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Electrodeposition results in a more organized and uniform film with fewer pores, compared with immersed or dipped films. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appears on pp. 320–26 of the Proceedings.     

High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Al–Re and Re Coatings

The oxidation behavior in air at 1473 K, and sulfidation behavior in a H2S–H2 gas mixture with a sulfur partial pressure of 10^–2 Pa at 973 K of Al–Re coated CMSX-4 were studied. Investigation on the sulfidation behavior of the Re-coated CMSX-4 was carried out in a H2S–H2 gas mixture with a sulfur partial pressure of 10^–2 Pa at 973 K. The experimental results show that a Re-rich alloy layer was formed between an -Al₂O₃ layer and the inner concentration zone of Ta and Ti for the CMSX-4 single crystal alloy with an Al–Re coating after oxidation. The Re-rich alloy layer containing Cr, W, Ni, Co, and Mo effectively inhibited the outward diffusion of alloying elements and the inward diffusion of Al. The Al/Re-coated CMSX-4 single crystal alloy had excellent sulfidation resistance; the Re-rich alloy layer, containing W, Ti, Ta, and Mo, which formed during the sulfidation process and located between the alumina scale and the CMSX-4 base alloy, plays a role in inhibiting the outward diffusion of alloying elements. The sulfidation resistance of CMSX-4 single-crystal alloy is greatly improved by a Re coating on the CMSX-4 alloy surface; this is attributed to a Re–Cr–W alloy layer that retarded the outward diffusion of cations and the oxide layer containing Ta, Ti, and Al, which inhibited the inward penetration of sulfur.     

Effect of Si addition to CrN coatings on the corrosion resistance of CrN/stainless steel coating/substrate system in a deaerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

CrSiN coatings with different Si concentration (Si/(Cr + Si) ratio: 0, 3.7, 11.7, 20%) were deposited on stainless steel substrates using a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBM) system. The variation in the microstructure of the films with the Si concentration was measured by XRD. The corrosion behavior of the CrSiN coatings in a deaerated 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by potentiodynamic tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface analyses. The microstructure of the CrSiN film was found to depend on the Si concentration. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion current density and porosity decreased with increasing Si/(Cr + Si) ratio. The EIS measurements showed that the corrosion resistance of the Si-bearing CrN was improved by the phase transformation of the film, which led to an increase in the pore resistance and charge transfer resistance. The Si-bearing CrN possesses the best corrosion resistance at a Si/(Cr + Si) ratio of 20%, measured by the maximization of the pore resistance and charge transfer resistance.