Accuracy of wind energy forecasts in Great Britain and prospects for improvement

The metric representing the wind energy forecast error, when reported as a percent, is calculated quite differently than the error metrics for electricity transmission, electricity load, or in other industries such as manufacturing when they are also reported as a percent. The resulting calculated metric is quite different from what would be reported if the method utilized elsewhere was employed. This paper examines the possible forecast assessment and operational challenges associated with this finding. Concerning the prospects for improvement, the errors reported in MW of energy have a systematic component. With this insight, we developed a model to improve accuracy.     

A Distribution‐freeCUSUMChart for Monitoring Variability of AutocorrelatedProcesses

We present a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart for monitoring the variability of an autocorrelated process. A quantity known as the asymptotic variance parameter is employed as a measure of the variability, and a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart is applied to variance estimates calculated from batches of nonoverlapping samples. The proposed chart is applicable to a stationary process with a general marginal distribution and a general autocorrelation structure. It also determines control limits analytically without trial‐and‐error simulations. The performance of the proposed chart is tested on stationary processes with both normal and nonnormal marginals with various autocorrelation structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-efficiency Silicon Solar Cells: A Review

Over the past few decades, crystalline silicon solar cells have been extensively studied due to their high efficiency, high reliability, and low cost. In addition, these types of cells lead the industry and account for more than half of the market. For the foreseeable future, Si will still be a critical material for photovoltaic devices in the solar cell industry. In this paper, we discuss key issues, cell concepts, and the status of recent high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells.     

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.     

基于降噪时序深度学习网络的风电功率短期预测方法

利用风电场历史功率数据预测未来一段时间内的风功率,对保障电网安全稳定运行具有重要的意义。本文提出一种基于奇异谱分析SSA(singular spectrum analysis)和长短时记忆LSTM(long-short term memory net⁃work)网络的时序特征预测框架用于短期风功率的预测。首先通过SSA对历史风功率原始数据进行降噪处理,然后经过数据转换之后,以LSTM网络为基础进行预测模型的训练,最后通过某风电场提供的两个风机的历史功率数据进行验证。实验结果表明,奇异谱分析对风电场的历史数据具有良好的降噪性,SSA+LSTM模型在测试数据上取得了较好的预测性能,能够有效进行短期风功率的预测。     

基于量子效应的微型推进器设计

微/纳机电系统(MEMS/NEMS)技术的发展,大大促进了航空航天领域飞行器的微型化。依据量子理论,有效提取真空中的零点能,并以此作为驱动能源,可以解决微型飞行器由于必须携带燃料而增加重量等问题。从理论上阐述了真空零点能及Casimir力的产生机理,研究了真空中两平行平板和矩形腔等结构设计依据,提出并建立了以Casimir力作为驱动力的微型推进器设计模型。     

无皂型乳液聚合的研究进展

综述了无皂型乳液聚合反应机理及影响乳液稳定性的因素。对无皂型乳液聚合制备方法进行了论述，并介绍了无皂型乳液聚合的研究动态、应用和发展前景。     

LNG冷量优化集成利用技术

我国将相继在沿海地区建成多个LNG接收站，每年将进口数以千万吨计的LNG，同时携带数着巨额冷量，而这些冷量可用于发电、空气分离、制造干冰、低温冷库等众多领域。基于国外LNG冷量利用现状，指出我国即将展开和实施此项技术还存在着：过程火用损较大，缺乏系统、全面的LNG冷量利用技术的研发指导机制，以及宏观调控力度薄弱等问题，进而提出了发展LNG冷量的集成利用方案，可为此类技术的研发利用提供新思路。以福建即将进口的LNG为例，模拟了空气分离与干冰制备的集成工艺流程，结果表明：福建每年进口的260×10⁴t LNG可以冷却290×10⁴t空气，相当于60000 m³/h的氧气制备规模，还可以生产100×10⁴t的干冰，其过程火用损较小；其剩余的高温位冷量可应用于低温冻结库或冰灯等项目，这对主体装置的实施效果和过程火用损的影响较小。该技术的优点在于可灵活控制冷却空气的液化率，基本不用冷却循环水，流程简单，设备投资少，能耗低等。     

Performance of thermostatic and electronic valves controlling the compressor capacity

The performance of the energy consumption of an electronic valve and a classical thermostatic valve has been compared when these expansion valves are adopted in a vapour compression plant subjected to a cold store. The main aim is to verify experimentally which type of expansion valve would be preferable from energy point of view when a classical thermostat or a fuzzy logic algorithm are used as the control system for the refrigeration capacity. The fuzzy logic‐based control is able to modulate continuously the compressor speed through an inverter. The results show that with a fuzzy algorithm, the thermostatic expansion valve allows an energy saving of about 8% in comparison with the electronic valve. When on–off control is used, the electric energy consumption obtained both with the electronic valve and with the thermostatic valve is comparable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直线电机抽油机与游梁式抽油机性能对比

攻克了直线电机大推力的关键技术,研制成功了具有国际领先水平的直线电机抽油机。这种抽油机最大特点是改变了过去各种抽油机将电能转变为旋转运动,再通过机械方式转变为直线往复运动的方式,通过变频和控制直接将电能转变为直线往复运动。与游梁式抽油机相比,直线电机抽油机不但提高了机械效率,而且能够实现抽汲参数的无级调整,进而能够根据抽油的需要调整悬点运动规律,具备智能化控制和远程监控的有利条件。