基于离散元方法的竖直群桩冰荷载分析

在高纬度海域或高寒地区的江河中,碎冰对海洋平台桩腿和桥墩等直立群桩结构产生很大的冲击作用,并在一定条件下造成不同程度的破坏。依据碎冰在自然条件下的离散分布特性,采用Voronoi切割算法构造随机分布和具有非规则几何形态的碎冰初始状态,在此基础上采用若干个具有黏结-破碎功能的球形颗粒构造具有一定厚度、尺寸和形状等物理参数的河冰离散单元模型,将竖直群桩简化为刚体结构,从而对碎冰的运移及其对群桩的冲击作用进行数值模拟。在此基础上可确定碎冰撞击下的群桩冰荷载,并分析冰块尺寸、冰速和冰厚对桩结构所受冰荷载的影响。     

基于轨迹频率抑制的轨迹隐私保护方法

移动终端和定位技术的快速发展带来了轨迹大数据.研究者通过挖掘和分析发布的轨迹数据集,可获得一些有价值的信息.攻击者也可利用所掌握的知识对发布的轨迹数据集进行推理分析,以较高的概率推断出用户的隐私信息.轨迹抑制是一类实现隐私保护的重要方法,然而轨迹抑制的点数越多会造成数据效用越低.因此,在满足用户隐私需求的情况下,如何选择合理的抑制点来提高匿名处理后的数据效用是数据发布中要解决的重要问题.针对以上问题,文中提出两种基于轨迹频率的方案对轨迹数据进行匿名处理.第一种方案是根据情况抑制整条有问题的轨迹数据或向有问题的轨迹数据集中添加假数据;第二种方案是采用特定的轨迹局部抑制法对数据进行抑制处理.实验表明相对于已有方案,在满足同等隐私需求的情况下,文中方案处理后的数据效用提升了近30%.     

SnO2和SiO2用于PVC的阻燃消烟及协同作用

研究了二氧化锡和二氧化硅对软PVC阻燃消烟性的影响。通过对极限氧指数、剩炭率、烟密度的测定和DTATG曲线的分析证明,添加8g二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂的PVC的氧指数和剩炭率比未添加的分别增高5.5个单位和4.1%,烟密度降低16.4%,降解活化能分别降低38kJ/mol和23.1kJ/mol,从而证明二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂对于PVC是一种很好的阻燃消烟剂,二氧化锡和二氧化硅有很好的协同作用。同时证明这种复合阻燃剂能代替三氧化二锑,使产品的成本进一步降低。     

Effect of advanced chilling methods on lipid damage during sardine (Sardina pilchardus) storage

Slurry ice is a biphasic system consisting of small spherical ice crystals surrounded by seawater at subzero temperature. Its effect on lipid damage (hydrolysis and oxidation) was evaluated during the chilled storage of a fatty fish species, sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Slurry ice treatment was checked alone and in combination with ozone and compared to traditional flake icing during a 22‐day storage. Different lipid damage indices (free fatty acids, FFA; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA‐i; fluorescent compounds, FR) were checked and compared to sensory assessment and nucleotide degradation (K value). According to lipid hydrolysis (FFA) and oxidation (PV and FR) developments, slurry ice showed an inhibitory effect (p <0.05) on lipid damage during storage, as well as an inhibition of nucleotide autolytic degradation. Ozonised slurry ice did not provide differences (p >0.05) from slurry ice alone when considering lipid hydrolysis, nucleotide degradation and some lipid oxidation indices (PV and FR), although a higher (p <0.05) TBA‐i was observed at day 22 of storage when compared to flake ice and slurry ice treatments. However, a lower (p <0.05) fluorescence development was observed for fish treated under ozonised slurry ice when compared to traditionally iced fish. Sensory assessment showed a higher shelf life for fish samples treated under ozonised slurry ice than for their counterparts under slurry ice (15 d versus 12 d), while flake icing led to a far shorter shelf life (5 d). According to sensory and biochemical (lipid matter and nucleotide) analysis, slurry ice has proved to be a promising technology for damage inhibition and quality retention in a fatty fish species such as sardine. Ozonised slurry ice was also shown to be useful, since a longer shelf life was obtained in the present experiment and a pro‐oxidant effect of ozone on sardine lipids was not proved.     

热媒炉热效率分析与提高

分析了影响热媒炉热效率的主要因素 ,介绍了通过对热媒炉盘管干冰除灰和改进风油比控制方式来提高热效率的方法 ,指出提高热媒炉热效率的主要途径是 :降低排烟温度和空气过剩系数。     

黑龙江防凌爆破试验研究

炸药爆破冰盖或冰坝是防凌减灾的重要手段,确定爆破坑半径同炸药用量、冰盖厚度等相关影响变量的关系是有效实施爆破的前提。通过黑龙江上游江段现场防凌爆破试验研究,提出了防凌爆破的可靠方法和关键技术,建立了表达黑龙江冰凌爆破中冰盖厚度、冰下水深、炸药用量同爆破坑半径之间关系的公式。新公式预报的爆破坑半径值和实测值平均相对误差在8.5%以内。同已有的研究成果比较,本文论证了冰下水深对爆破坑半径的影响,所提出的爆破坑半径公式不仅适应于冰盖厚度小的河流,也适合高寒地区冰盖厚、强度大、水深浅的天然河流,且预报精度较高。研究成果应用到2015—2016年开河前黑龙江上游漠河江段防凌爆破中,确保该江段开河期间未发生冰塞和冰坝凌汛灾害。     

波浪对渤海近岸海冰冲击作用的数值模拟

海冰在波浪冲击作用下可能会发生断裂,通过数值模拟定量地描述波浪引起的海冰断裂对海工结构的运行安全以及分析海冰断裂处海水与大气之间的热交换有重要作用。该文利用建立的三维数值波浪水池,将海冰视为刚性平板,结合渤海冬季海冰、波浪的相关参数,研究海冰受波浪冲击的垂向冲击力、水平冲击力、弯矩和最大弯曲正应力随波高、冰长及冰厚的变化规律;并结合渤海海冰的弯曲强度,推断海冰发生断裂的极限参数,结果表明:在渤海海域某些特定条件下,海冰断裂极限波高、冰长和最小冰厚分别为0.504 m、4.273 m和0.098 m。     

三江盆地二维地震资料处理方法研究与应用

三江盆地二位地震资料处理存在着较多的难题。如:静校正复杂;在逐步压制各类干扰的同时,难于保护低频有效信息和波组特征;波场复杂,准确拾取叠加速度比较困难。利用各种新技术新方法提高该地区地震资料的精度,是该地区地震资料处理的目标。通过综合应用各种静校正、地表一致性处理、噪声衰减、偏移等技术和方法,解决了该地区资料处理的难题,提高了地震资料的精度。实际地震资料处理的结果表明,以上处理技术和方法对该区复杂的资料处理效果明显。     

Why Phenolic Acids Are Unlikely Primary Allelochemicals in Rice

Allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa, L.) effective against weeds has been found in about 3.5% of tested rice germplasm in both laboratory and field experimentation. However, the allelochemicals responsible for growth inhibition of rice-associated weeds have not yet been identified. In the literature, phenolic acids are often mentioned as putative allelochemicals. If phenolic acids commonly reach growth inhibitory concentrations in rice ecosystems, it must be expected that the degree of tolerance to phenolic acids will vary among traditional rice cultivars or plant species adapted to rice environments having inherently different phenolic acid concentrations. Phenolic acids concentrations are normally greater in submerged than in aerobic soils. A dose–response study, however, showed that seedlings of rice cultivars adapted to submerged anaerobic soils did not have higher level of tolerance against p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did seedlings of varieties adapted to aerobic upland soils. Moreover, traditional rice cultivars had no greater tolerance than did improved cultivars that were recently bred for traits other than tolerance of phenolic acids. Similarly, there were no differences in tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid between two Echinochloa weed species adapted to either anaerobic or aerobic growth conditions. Thus, neither the rice cultivars nor weed species had evolved different tolerance levels against the phenolic acid. However, all rice cultivars had significantly greater tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did either weed species. In a second experiment, the rates at which rice plants released phenolic acids into solution cultures were measured for at least one month, the time period of greatest allelopathic activity following planting under field conditions. The maximum release rate of phenolic acids during the first month of growth was approximately 10 g/plant/day. At a conventional plant density, the release rate of phenolic acids would be approximately 1 mg/m²day. This order of release rate cannot provide concentrations remotely close to phytotoxic levels determined for these rice cultivars and weed species. The results presented in this paper do not preclude the possibility that phenolic acids might be one component in a mixture of chemicals that, when present simultaneously, are allelopathic.     

一种能够抑制锂枝晶的锂金属电池电解液润湿性添加剂

将氟代有机溶剂2,2,3,3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯(TFPMA)作为双功能添加剂引入碳酸酯电解液体系,考察了TFPMA质量分数对增大润湿性的影响.采用交流阻抗、恒流充放电等测试了添加TFPMA后的锂金属电池性能.采用SEM和XPS表征了循环后的锂金属电极表面.结果表明,1.0％(质量分数,下同)TFPMA的添加使电解液与隔膜间的接触角从54°降至44°,内阻从6.15Ω降至1.94Ω,Li-LiFePO4电池在5 C电流密度下的比容量从66 mA·h/g提升至80 mA·h/g,1 C电流密度下的恒电流循环在100圈时还保持99％以上的库仑效率.TFPMA还促进了Li+的均匀沉积和优良固体电解质界面膜的形成,抑制了锂枝晶,电解液添加了1.0％TFPMA后,Li-Cu电池可以循环100圈以上,而库仑效率没有发生较大下降.循环后电极的SEM图表明,添加了1.0％TFPMA电解液的锂金属负极表面沉积更加平整,有较少的锂枝晶生成.